1. Histology and embryology
Uropoetic system
Histology and embryology

2. Uropoetic system Kidney (Ren) Ureter (Ureter)
Nephrone (Nephron)
Collecting tubules (Tubuli colligentes)
Callices (Calices renales)
Renal pelvis (Pelvis renalis)
Ureter (Ureter)
Urinary bladder (Vesica urinaria)
Urethra (Urethra)

3. Development of urinary system
Development of kidney
Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros
Development of excretory passages

4. Pronephros Intermedial mesoderm of cranial 12-13 somites
From 21st day (4 somites)
Rudimental, soon disappear
Persistent ductus Wolffi

5. Mesonephros From intermedial mesoderm Sac elongates to ductus Wolffi
In stage of somites ingrowths to cloaca
From about 23rd day
With glomerulum and collective tubule
Caudal part is origin for gonads

6. Metanephros Definitive stage of kidney
nephrogenic blastema 3rd to 5th lumb. somites
Development begins at the end of 5th week
Relative ascent during development
Ureteral bud grows to blastema
Ureteral bud – ureter, pelvis, large and small calices and collecting tubules
metanephrogenic blastema - nephrone

7. Induction of nephrons Interaction between blastema and ureteric bud
Connecting with the branch of ureteral bud
Later development of nephrone
Distance of glomerulum from the renal medulla is the function of age
Oldest nephrons – juxtamedular

8. Development of excretory passages
Urinary bladder
Developed from cranial part of urogenital sinus
Urachus
Separation of excretory passages for urine and genital ducts
Urethra
From medial part of urogenital sinus (at females)
From medial and caudal part (at males) and glandular plate

9. Kidney (Ren) Nephron Intersticium Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Blood supply
Intrarenal excretory passages for urine

10. Nepron Renal body Proximal tubule Intermedial tubule Distal tubule
Glomerulum
Bowman‘s capsule
Proximal tubule
Intermedial tubule
Distal tubule

11. Renal body (Malpighi) Glomerulum Bowman‘s capsule Filtration barier
a. afferens  a. efferens
fenestrated capilaries w/o diaphragm
Bowman‘s capsule
Parietal part (squamous epitelium)
Visceral part (podocytes - pedicles)
Filtration barier
basal membrane - collagen type IV and heparan sulfate
Mesangial cells

12. Proximal tubule Single layered cubic epitelium
Brush border on apical part
Basolateral labyrinth
Abundand mitochondrias
Resorption of NaCl and water (80-95%)
Na+ into cell pasive, out active

13. Intermedial tubule Thin limb of Henle‘s loop
Squamous cells, poorly organels
Descendent part permebile for water
Ascendent part inpermeabile for water —
Juxtamedular nephrons have long HL
countercurrent multiplier - hyperosmotic medulla

14. Distal tubule Cells are lower than in proximal tubule
No brush border
Basolateral labyrinth
Reabsorption of natrium, secretion of kalium
macula densa - chemoreceptors (Cl-)

15. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Parts:
macula densa of distal tubule
granular cells of afferens arteriol (also efferens)
mesangial cells
Function:
Regulation of blood pressure - renin

16. Intersticium Connected with basal lamina of vessels and tubules
Cortical vs. medullar
Cells:
Fibroblast-like cells
Cells with lipid droplets
Macrophages, pericytes
Non-cellular elements
proteoglycans, glycoproteins, interstitial fluid

17. Blood supply aa. interlobares aa. arcuatae aa. corticales radiatae
aa. capsulares
aa. afferentes
aa. efferentes
Peritubular capillaries
vasa recta
vv. arcuatae
vv. corticales radiatae
vv. stellatae
vv. interlobares

18. Intrarenal excretory passages
Collecting tubules (Tubulli colligentes)
Single layered cubic epithelium
Round nucleus, light cytoplasm
Papilar ducts (Ductus pappilares)
Single layered columnar epithelium
Light cytoplasm
Regulated water reabsorption (ADH)

19. Slide U1- kidney HE Slide U2 - kidney Van Gieson
Slides
Slide U1- kidney HE
Slide U2 - kidney Van Gieson

20. Kidney HE (U1)

21. Kidney Van Gieson (U2)

22. Renal diseases
Acute pyelonephritis
Diabetic nephropathy

23. Excretory passages
Calices and pelvis
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

24. Excretory passages Mucosa (tunica mucosa)
epithelium transitional
lamina propria mucosae (collagen)
Smooth muscle (tunica muscularis)
Adventitia (tunica adventitia)

25. Renal pelvis and calices
2-3 calices in every pelvis
2-3-layered transitional epithelium
Smooth muscle cells spirally

26. Ureter Folded mucosa Smooth muscle Inner layer longitudinal
Outer layer circular

27. Slides
Slide U3 - ureter HE

28. Ureter HE (U3)

29. Urinary bladder Mucosa folded except of area trigonum vesicae
3-layered smooth muscle layer
inner plexiform
middle circular ( m. sphincter vesicae)
outer longitudinal
Part of bladder covered by serosa (peritoneum)

30. Slide U4 – urinary bladder HE Slide U5 – urinary bladder Van Gieson
Slides
Slide U4 – urinary bladder HE
Slide U5 – urinary bladder Van Gieson

31. Urinary bladder HE (U4)

32. Urinary bladder Van Gieson (U5)

33. Urethra Male urethra have 4 parts: Female urethra
First two part covered by transitional epithelium
Other two covered by multilayered sqaumous epithelium
Female urethra
Transitional epithelium in intramural part, continuing with multilayered squamous