1. Civilizations in World Politics: Beyond East and West Peter Katzenstein Cornell University

2. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion President and Professor Hu Jintao and Huntington: East vs. West 2 Liu Weibing/Xinhua, Via Associated PressJeff Christensen/AFP/Getty Images, Via Foreign Policy

3. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion President and Professor Civilizations – Are combative and clashing or plural and pluralist – Defined by core values or multiple traditions – Cultural realism: plural not pluralist – Cosmopolitan liberalism: pluralist not plural Korea between Civilizations 3 Image adapted from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f /Clash_of_Civilizations_map.png/800px- Clash_of_Civilizations_map.png Huntington’s Map of Civilizations

4. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion GIC: Above the Nation State Globalization (reconfigure state sovereignty) – Glocalization and constitutive norms/processes 4 http://www.flickr.com/photos/jasonteale/4438329536/in/pool- 13047686@N00/lightbox/ http://tower.arcadia.edu/wp- content/uploads/2012/02/globalization_b_1293566053.png

5. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion GIC: Above the Nation State Internationalization (increase social density) – Varieties of capitalism and regulatory norms/processes 5 http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/08/070831144233.htm https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi- studies/studies/vol49no3/html_files/Graphics/webmap_pg58.jpg Map of the Internet (Internationalization) Map of the World Wide Web (Globalization)

6. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion GIC: Above the Nation State Civilization (create communities of meanings and practices) – Communities of identities and practices 6 Changdeokgung Palace Complex © OUR PLACE The World Heritage Collection Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty © UNESCO

7. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion Civilizational Outcomes Intercivilizational Encounters – Violent Clash Cultural Imperialism: impose content and form – Transcivilizational Engagement Widespread acceptance: content or form Hybridization: shifting balances of practice 7

8. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion Roadmap Civilizational Analysis Sinicization and Civilizational Processes Anglo-America and Civilizational Identities Conclusion 8 Image: http://www.neuro-it.net/bilder/roadmap.jpg

9. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion Trilogy Project Vol. 1-Civilizations in World Politics: Plural and Pluralist Perspectives 9

10. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion Civilizational Analysis Defined: urban, language, literature, religion Embedded: in a larger context or ecumene (William McNeill and Marshall Hodgson) Not an actor — but a complex Not a voice in our head — but a town hall meeting arguing about our options 10 Images : http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-h1GvuotXRcE/TlEia4QLlaI/AAAAAAAARv8/As8MYZCgdkc/s1600/seoul-image.jpg ; http://asiasociety.org/files/korean.png ; http://ramundo.us/korea/p/temple17.jpg

11. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion Civilizational Analysis Dispositional Analysis — actor oriented, consensual, essentialist, unchanging Discursive analysis — processual, contested, relational, malleable Primordiality: Disposition and Discourse – Social construct and political project – Other examples: Gender, race, ethnicity, nationality – Crystallization in situations of fear, threat, insecurity 11

12. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion Civilizational Analysis Shmuel Eisenstadt – Placed in one encompassing civilization of modernity – Multiple modernities activated by axial age religions (Jaspers) 12 Images : http://www.holbergprisen.no/en/shmuel-n-eisenstadt.html http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_asFjd3aTQdE/TUm76GsXVRI/AAAAAAAAAAU/-og- UHClLEs/s1600/Axial+Age+Map+etc.jpg

13. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion Civilizational Analysis Randall Collins – Porous zones of prestige – Competition within and between nodes – Long-distance networks Norbert Elias – Reversible civilizing processes – Social and psychological restraints – Adapt to international arena 13 Images: http://sociology.sas.upenn.edu/r_collins ; http://www.norberteliasfoundation.nl/

14. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion Civilizational Analysis: Multiplicities not Binaries Multiple Actors (empires, states, pooled sovereignty polities, stateless polities, diasporic politics) Multiple Actors (coalitions, groups, organizations, individuals) Multiple Traditions (and institutions) Multiple Processes (and relational mechanisms) 14

15. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion Trilogy Project Vol. 2 – Sinicization and the Rise of China: Civilizational Processes beyond East and West 15

16. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion Sinicization: Meaning Making the world suitable to China and Chinese practices (assimilation – conformity – acculturation) Milieu goals (A. Wolfers) “Harmony” vs “hegemony”: interesting diversity vs. not dull uniformity 16 Images: http://history.cult ural- china.com/china WH/upload/upfile s/2010- 08/04/more_info d11586cac47afd5 abff8.jpg http://www.china daily.com.cn/olym pics/images/attac hement/jpg/site1/ 20080809/00042 30fa5680a075986 11.jpg Feng Li/Getty Images via Foreign Policy

17. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion Sinicization: Meaning Practices : self-conscious and unreflected – military rise – commercial expansion – multilateralism with a Chinese face 17 http://id.china-embassy.org/eng/rdht/60thnationalday/W020071005798159227932.jpg

18. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion Sinicization: Three Types Resinicization: rupture Desinicization: imitation Sinicization (mixed outcome): recombination 18 http://www.chinasmack.com/2012/stories/hong-kong-says-no-to-mainland-education-chinese-reactions.html Protests over Chinese patriotic education in Hong Kong

19. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion Sinicization: Recombination Security: Sovereignty and suzerainty; unification not an end state but ongoing practices Security: Zones not borders; discursive practices then and now 19 Images: https://d13uygpm 1enfng.cloudfront.net/article- imgs/en/2012/09/ 29/AJ2012092900 72/AJ2012092900 73M.jpg http://www.inter national.gc.ca/ar ms- armes/assets/ima ges/South_China_ Sea_2.jpg

20. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion Sinicization: Recombination Political Economy: Compressed development; pre- and post-industrialism Culture: Overseas Chinese and Diaspora Politics 20

21. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion Sinicization Compared Japanization and Indianization – Multiple practices – Radiation outward – Incorporation inward – Rising power or not 21 Top: reason.com Bottom: Peter Macdiarmid / Getty via TIME Magazine

22. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion Trilogy Project Vol. 3-Anglo-America and Its Discontents: Civilizational Identities beyond West and East 22

23. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion Conclusion: Civilization of Modernity Two bridge civilizations: Anglo-America and Islam Anglo-America: vertical practice connections to the civilization of modernity – English as a lingua franca – Rights revolution – Science and technology (electronic; biotechnology) – Popular culture industries – Enchanting New World (vs. a White Brand) Islam: horizontal geographic connections within the civilization of modernity 23

24. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion Conclusion: Civilization of Modernity Thin – Rome (not Athens or Jerusalem): “transmission culture” (Brague) – Japan’s popular culture industry: “odorless” (Iwabuchi) – Liberalism’s “thin proceduralism” (Haas) 24

25. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion Conclusion: Civilization of Modernity Demanding – No imperialism of imposing a single standard of conduct (as in many versions of liberal theory) – No relativism of accepting all political practices (as in many critiques of liberal theory) 25

26. Beyond East and West: Kipling Rudyard Kipling’s Ballad of East and West: “Oh East is East and West is West and never the twain shall meet Till earth and sky stand presently at God’s great Judgment seat….. But there is neither East nor West, border nor breed nor birth When two strong men stand face to face, tho they come from the ends of the earth.” 26

27. Introduction Civilizational Analysis Sinicization Conclusion Thank you! 27

28. Polymorphic Globalism Searching for Political-Cultural Commenurabilities At two intersections – Civil religious politics: Intermingling of secular and religious politics (Bellah) – Transcendental (religion and science) vs historiological politics (Murakami) 28

29. Conclusion Baroque or Gothic Complexity (of analysis) or Simplicity (in reduced form) The Future: Contaminated cosmopolitanism or recurrent sameness 29 Images: http://0.tqn.com/d/architecture/1/0/M/q/Versailles51375217sm.jpg http://www.bestourism.com/medias/dfp/6389

30. Conclusion Soft Social Science : Humanities and Imagination and Social Sciences and Information Multi- or Interdisciplinary Studies vs. Disciplinary Studies Pattern recognition vs variable-based analysis Vouching vs Clinching Arguments (Nancy Cartwright) 30

31. Conclusion My research agenda Civilizations in the global ecumene – Adding global process: Human rights and human welfare – Adding actors (empire, states, polities, diasporas) American Civilization and Americanization – Statist issues: Law, public diplomacy – Societal issues: popular culture, religion 31

32. Beyond East and West: Kipling Rudyard Kipling’s Ballad of East and West: “Oh East is East and West is West and never the twain shall meet Till earth and sky stand presently at God’s great Judgment seat….. But there is neither East nor West, border nor breed nor birth When two strong men stand face to face, tho they come from the ends of the earth.” 32