1. 1 PhysicsPhysics EnvironmentalEnvironmental ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS

2. 2 Volcanoes Mass transport The biosphere of the Earth is the scenary where life develops Let us make an approach to those natural phenomena taking place in the biosphere, related to mass and energy exchanges. ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS Northern lights Seasons

3. 3 Peaceful air masses movements...

4. 4... and very violent hurricanes

5. 5 A chemical species able to change its state within the range of temperatures ruling in the different regions of our planet. Why life developed on Earth? We haven’t an answer for such a question, but......we know a necessary condition for making life possible

6. 6 Water Steam

7. 7 Ice

8. 8 We’ll study the relationships between these three states of the water and the environmental conditions...... to explain why the world we live is on such a way.

9. 9 First, how and when the Earth was born

10. 10 Then, how the Earth is today

11. 11 Some examples of what we will see about...

12. 12 SUN POSITION RELATED TO A HORIZONTAL SURFACE North Pole Season Spring / Summer  Observer on the north hemisphere  Zenith S N E W    zz  z zenital angle  sun elevation  azimut  declination  latitude   hour angle 15º/hour COORDINATES measured from the center of sun disc

13. 13 PhysicsPhysics EnvironmentalEnvironmental Originally formed by volatile compounds from volcanism at the earlier period of the Earth’s story. The gasses were kept back by gravity force. Since then, its composition undergone important variations because several physical, geological and biological processes. The origin of our atmosphere Actual volcanic eruptions have a mean composition of 85% H 2 O, 10% CO 2 and SO 2 and nitrogen compounds (the rest). Low percentage of H 2 O in the actual atmosphere Low percentage of CO 2 in the actual atmosphere Predominance of nitrogen Presence of other components of low concentration Presence of an important fraction of O 2 We have to explain… http://www.xtec.es/~rmolins1/solar/es/planeta02.htm

14. 14 HeightHeight (km) 500/1500 Temperature (ºC)-50050100150200-100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 490 500 510 520 Exosphere Termosphere Mesosphere Stratosphere Troposphere Standard Atmosphere. Temperature profile TROPOPAUSE STRATOPAUSE MESOPAUSE Graphics from data in http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/images/profile_jpg_image.html Temperature of termosphere is highly dependent on sun activity. It may vary from 500 ºC to 1500 ºC. We live here! TERMOPAUSE PhysicsPhysics EnvironmentalEnvironmental

15. 15 http://www.jmarcano.com/notas/nota13.html Antarctic ozone hole. September 2002 http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/CAMPAIGN_DOCS /ATM_CHEM/dobson.html Phenomena above the clouds...

16. 16 ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION FROM THE SUN Where does the energy we use come from? Radiation that we can measure Solar spectrum (visible region) PhysicsPhysics EnvironmentalEnvironmental

17. 17 Impermeable layers Deep percolation Surface flux Ocean Surface run-off Surface flux Underground water Freatic level Infiltration Saline intrusions Precipitation on the ground 100 Evapotrans piration from the ground 68 Evaporation Vegetation Ground Dam 31 Evaporation from the ocean 428 396 Precipitation on the ocean 32 From Britannica 2004 Flux units: 10 12 m 3 /year WATER EXCHANGES WITHIN THE BIOSPHERE Interception and transpiration 1 Phenomena associated to interactions atmosphere/hidrosphere PhysicsPhysics EnvironmentalEnvironmental

18. 18 Mass exchange and energy budget

19. 19 Earth’s observation Gibraltar Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean Sea

20. 20 SUBJECT PROGRAM The Earth and the Moon

21. 21 Lesson 1. The Sun and the Earth Movements of the Earth, local apparent time, local standard time Lesson 2. The atmosphere of the Earth Origin and composition. Temperature, pressure, winds and precipitation. Lesson 3. Thermodinamics of the atmosphere The atmosphere as a mixture of several gases. Moisture of the air. Adiabatic processes of the moist air. Lesson 4. Heat transfer mechanisms Conduction, convection and radiation. Lesson 5a. Solar radiation and its interactions with the Earth surface Lesson 5b. Long wave radiation and its radiation budget Lesson 5c. Global radiation budget in the Earth surface

22. 22 Evaporation and evapotranspiration Teledetection: observation of the Earth Following crops by Teledetection Complementary materials (personal work)

23. 23 BIBLIOGRAPHY M. Iqbal, An Introduction to Solar Radiation, Academic Press (1983) John M. Wallace y Peter V. Hobbs, Atmospheric Science: an introductory survey. Academic Press Crop evapotranspiration Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Available from http://www.fao.org/docrep/X0490E/x0490e00.htm http://www.uclm.es/profesorado/ajbarbero/uclm2English.htm Other information & materials from web page

24. 24 COURSE SCHEDULE & ORGANIZATION 3 classes a week (from september 26th to january 20 th) Practices UV measuring Radiation Discrete spectra measuring Treatment of radiation & temperature data by computer Marking grade Practices Personal work Final Exam Quoted 30%20% 50%