1. Objective: BIO.A.2.2.3: Compare and contrast the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in organisms. Objective: To describe the function of enzymes inside living things Warmup: In a chemical reaction, what are the: Reactants ? Products ? C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O

2. ENZYMES

3.  Composed of chains of amino acid monomers with a three-dimensional shape that controls their function.  Act as biological catalyst – they lower the amount of activation energy needed to start a reaction.

4.  The lower the activation energy, the more products can be produced efficiently.

5. Objective: BIO.A.2.2.3: Compare and contrast the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in organisms. Objective: To describe the function of enzymes inside living things Warmup: In a chemical reaction, what are the: Reactants ? Products ? C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O

6. Objective: BIO.A.2.2.3: Compare and contrast the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in organisms. Objective: To describe the function of enzymes inside living things Warmup: 1.) What elements make up: carbohydrates? lipids? proteins? enzymes? Period 3

7.  Enzymes are designed to work with one particular molecule – because shape determines what molecules will work together.

8.  EnzymeCatalyzed (sped up) reaction AmylaseHydrolysis of starch MaltaseHydrolysis of maltose SucraseHydrolysis of sucrose CatalaseHydrolysis of hydrogen peroxide *Enyzmes can often be identified by the suffix “ase”*

10.  Key Terms:  Substrate – molecule to be acted on  Active site – area of enzyme that fits with substrate  Enzyme-Substrate Complex – substrate + active site of enzyme

11.  Key Points:  Enzymes themselves do not change shape or function while they speed up a reaction, unless they are denatured.  Enzymes are not used up during a reaction – they can be used over and over again.

12. 1. Temperature  Low (0° C) = decreased kinetic energy of enzymes and substrates. o Enzymes are inactive and don’t move. o No/few enzyme-substrate compounds are formed. o Rate of reaction decreases.

13. 1. Temperature  Increasing (20 ° C) = increased kinetic energy of enzymes and substrates. o Enzymes increase their movement. o Increased enzyme-substrate compounds are formed. o Rate of reaction increases.

14. 1. Temperature  Optimal Temperature (for most enzymes ~37° C) o Temperature at which the enzyme works best o Rate of reaction is the highest

15. 1. Temperature  Beyond Optimal Temperature (>60 ° C) o Weak bonds within the enzymes are broken. Enzyme’s shape and function fall apart – leading to a loss of function. This is called denaturation.

16. 2. pH  Enzymes work best within a narrow pH range  Each enzyme works best at its optimum pH level  At extreme pH levels, enzymes lose their shape and function and become denatured.

17. Enzymes- a fun introduction - YouTube

18. 1) Enzymes help organisms by A.providing energy. B.building proteins. C.packaging proteins. D.reducing the amount of activation energy required to start a reaction.

19. 2) In a reaction that takes place in the presence of an enzyme, the substrate binds with the enzyme. Which statement best describes what happens to the enzyme as the substrate is converted to the product? A.It is denatured. B.It remains unchanged. C.It becomes part of the product. D.It becomes a part of the substrate.

20. 3. The diagram below represents a human enzyme and four types of molecules present in a solution. Which molecule would most likely react with the enzyme?

21. 4. The graph shows how the activity of an enzyme changes at different temperatures. Which statement best describes what happens to the enzyme when the temperature of the reaction increases to 63°C? A.The enzyme is used up and the reaction stops. B.The enzyme begins to decrease the rate of the reaction. C.The enzyme continues to increase the rate of the reaction. D.The enzyme changes shape and can no longer speed up the reaction.