1. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAS) Globally An overview Niklas Höhne 16/01/2014

2. © ECOFYS | | Outline 16/01/2014Niklas Höhne2

3. © ECOFYS | | Timeline of the international climate negotiations Niklas Höhne Bali 2007: “Nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country Parties in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity-building, in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner” 16/01/20143

4. © ECOFYS | | NAMAs submitted in 2009 Targets South Africa: GHG reduction target of 34% from business as usual (BAU) emissions growth trajectory by 2020 and of 42% by 2025 Strategies Côte d'Ivoire: Elaboration of an action plan for renewable energy Policies and programmes Botswana: Various policies in the transportation sector Projects Togo: Projects to replace existing lamps with high efficiency lamps 16/01/2014Niklas Höhne4

5. © ECOFYS | | Financing of NAMAs 16/01/2014Niklas Höhne5

6. © ECOFYS | | Outline 16/01/2014Niklas Höhne6

7. © ECOFYS | | Niklas Höhne16/01/20147

8. © ECOFYS | | Financial support can narrow the gap 16/01/2014Niklas Höhne8 Source: UNEP 2013

9. © ECOFYS | | Progress in climate policy 16/01/2014Niklas Höhne9 Countries covering 67% of global emissions implement climate laws or strategies Source: Dubash et al. 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1 080/14693062.2013. 845409 Size scaled to national GHG emissions in 2010

10. © ECOFYS | | Outline 16/01/2014Niklas Höhne10

11. © ECOFYS | | Global NAMA action > 83 NAMAs and 32 feasibility studies in 34 countries 16/01/2014Niklas Höhne11 Source: www.nama-database.org

12. © ECOFYS | | 16/01/2014Niklas Höhne12 State of play of NAMAs > 40 submissions to the UNFCCC Registry: 50% from two countries; 4 unilateral > NAMA Database contains 83 NAMAs and 32 studies from 34 countries Source: www.nama-database.org

13. © ECOFYS | | 16/01/2014Niklas Höhne13 Regional distribution of NAMAs > Latin America most active region – Followed by Africa (not Asia!) – Europe: Serbia submitted 12 NAMAs > Broader regional spread than CDM – Africa and Least Developed countries notably larger share – Possible reasons ● NAMA emphasize on national appropriateness and sustainable development ● Flexibility in design ● Asian reluctance to phrase mitigation action as NAMAs CDM NAMA Source: http://cdm.unfccc.int/Statistics/Public/CDMinsights/index.html,http://cdm.unfccc.int/Statistics/Public/CDMinsights/index.html accessed 15/01/2014 Source: Ecofys et al 2013

14. © ECOFYS | | 16/01/2014Niklas Höhne14 Sectoral distribution of NAMAs CDM NAMA Source: http://cdm.unfccc.int/Statistics/Public/CDMinsights/index.html,http://cdm.unfccc.int/Statistics/Public/CDMinsights/index.html accessed 15/01/2014 Source: Ecofys et al 2013 > Energy supply still largest share (36%) – Followed by transport and buildings > Broader sectoral coverage than in CDM – Esp. transport and buildings notably more relevant – Possible reasons ● Less stringent MRV requirements ● Accounting for medium to long term emission reduction and transformational change possible

15. © ECOFYS | | CDM only projects 16/01/2014Niklas Höhne15 Types of NAMAs NAMA > Policy, programmes, strategies and plans NAMA is the focus (59%)

16. © ECOFYS | | Outline 16/01/2014Niklas Höhne16

17. © ECOFYS | | NAMA success stories > NAMA facility (UK/Germany) has been set up and finances the implementation of 5 project – Chile: Self-supply Renewable Energy – Costa Rica: Low Carbon Coffee NAMA – Mexico: NAMA for Sustainable New Housing – Colombia: Transit-oriented Development – Indonesia: Sustainable Urban Transport Program Indonesia > Best practice examples for NAMA process – Indonesia - Institutional framework and coordination of NAMAs – Bhutan - Application of a rapid gender assessment to identify entry points and targets for women in LEDS/NAMA design – Lebanon - NAMA Prioritization Process 16/01/2014Niklas Höhne17 Source: nama-facility.org

18. © ECOFYS | | NAMA outlook and challenges > Overall level of ambition not sufficient to reach 2°C limit – Fast progress on NAMAs essential – Progress on NAMA finance in 2015 agreement > Is the vague definition of NAMAs an opportunity or a barrier? – National appropriateness will need to be balanced with need for defining NAMAs further > Transparency – Submitted proposals vary in degree of detail – (Best practice) learning across countries difficult > Financing – Level of financing available needs to be sufficient – Difficult determination of which share of the action is financed 16/01/2014Niklas Höhne18 Challenges on NAMA will be covered in a later presentation

19. © ECOFYS | | Backup slides 16/01/2014Niklas Höhne19

20. © ECOFYS | | Climate Action Tracker Niklas Höhne16/01/201420