1. Research Proposal Migration Pattern and Trafficking Phenomena from the Demand Side in Rattanakiri province, Northeast of Cambodia By Nal Sithy

2. Background  Rattanakiri is a province in Northeastern of Cambodia which is about 588 Km from PP  Most habitants of Rattanakiri are indigenous minorities which is multi-ethnic  1960 rubber plantation, but highlanders transformed the livelihood rather been exploited

3. Problem statement  Cambodia is classified in tier 3  Economic corridor  Ratanakiri is bordered by VN and Laos  Increasing in number of Karaoke in capital city  Highlanders are marginalized that can easily fall into the victims of development and the outside changes

4. Objectives  To have better understanding of migration pattern of Tumpoun people  To understand the significance of gender- based norms among Tumpoun people for vulnerability to trafficking and exploitation  To document and explain the demand side of trafficking

5. Definition UN definition of trafficking  Act -recruit, transport, transfer, receive..  Means -threat, force, deception, abuse of power…  Purpose/exploitation -exploitation, forced labor, slavery, removal organs…

6. Conceptual framework Demand side of trafficking Migration  Cheap labor from farm owner  Sexual Service from client  Prostitution  Karaoke Girls from karaoke owner  Poverty  Debt  Lose of Land  Violence Gender based norm/ Culture Ethnic Group Push factors Pull factors - Employment opportunity - Easy to migrate by good infrastructure Trafficking

7. Data Collection Methods  Field Observation_ to understand the daily life practice and culture  Key informant interview_ to understand gender-based norms and data on demand side of trafficking  Focus group interview_ to find out the push and pull factors of migration  Semi-structure interview_ to collect data on migration and network of migration

8. Thank you very much!! Comments are very much appreciated !