1. Albedo

2. 3/30 WHOT Teaching Point:  Objective: Collect data on the albedo of various surfaces on Earth.  Responsibilities: Albedo Lab Due Wednesday. ***If you did not present last week… Assignment on SWIFT also DUE Wednesday.

3. 3/30 Warm-up  The surface of the Northern Hemisphere is 60% water  The Southern Hemisphere is 80% water  Which hemisphere do you think has milder summers and why?  (hint use the word energy)

4.  Albedo –  The amount of radiation (sunlight) that a surface reflects.  Positive Feedback –  A cycle where a small input results in a larger output.  Eg* Albedo

5. 1.What land surface types absorbed/reflected the most incoming radiation? 2.How would the numbers change if all of the Tundra/Taiga was covered with snow as it is in the winter? 3.How would the numbers change if there were fewer forests and more deserts? 4.How will the decrease in the amount of snow and ice in the Northern Hemisphere change the amount of energy absorbed by Earth’s surface? How will it affect the average global temperature?

6.  Create a question and answer about Albedo. WHOT Q

7. Oceans and Climate

8. 3/31 WHOT Teaching Point:  Objective: Create a density column to model how deep ocean currents work.  Responsibilities: Ocean Density & Albedo Lab Due Thursday. ***If you did not present last week… Assignment on SWIFT also DUE Friday***

9. Ocean Density Lab Warm Up:  What is more dense salt water or fresh water? And why? RED 2/3 parts salt water GREEN 1/3 parts salt water BLUE is the most concentrated salt water YELLOW is tap water

10. Question #7: Glacial Retreat  Most glaciers on the planet are in retreat, they are melting faster than they are being made.  Glaciers are made of fresh (not salty) water.  What do you think happens to the ocean where the glaciers are in retreat (melting)?

11.  Create a question and answer it about Ocean Density WHOT Q

12. Ocean Currents

13. 4/1 WHOT Teaching Point:  Objective: Describe how ocean currents move energy around the planet.  Responsibilities: Ocean Density & Albedo Lab Due tomorrow.  Quiz/Quest Friday. Check SWIFT THIS WEEK FOR UPDATES ***If you did not present last week… Assignment on SWIFT also DUE Friday***

14.  Lets see what we’ve learned.  Use the terms latitude, energy, water, rain shadow, and albedo to describe the climate of Renton, Wa. Warm-up We are 48° latitude

15. Outline

16. Albedo

17. Ocean Currents

18.  Deep water freezing  Water freezes but the salt goes.  http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/frozen- planet/videos/icy-finger-of-death.htm Deep Ocean Freezing

19.  What causes them?  Wind (surface currents)  Changes in Density (Thermohaline currents)  To change Ocean Density  Temperature  Salinity (amount of salt) Ocean Currents

20.  Movement of water distributes energy around the globe to regulate global temperature.  Called Thermohaline circulation  Thermo - temperature  Haline - salinity Ocean Conveyor

21. Lets Draw it. Ocean ArcticEquator

23.  Ocean Currents WHOT Q

24.  What does the oceanic conveyor belt transport?  Where are the 4 deep water formation sites found? Are they all in polar regions?  How long does it take for water to make a full loop?  When was the last time the conveyor shut down? What happened? Answer Questions Reflect question in answer or write questions down, you decide.

25.  Give an example of an object outside with high albedo  Give an example of an object outside with low albedo  (hint – think of the color of things) Warm-up4/16

27.  The Arctic is warming at almost twice the rate of the rest of the world. Difference in 2001-2005 average temperature distribution compared with the 1951-1980 mean temperature distribution. Climate Change Impacts on Snow and Ice

28. Artis Rams/iStock Snow influences climate because of its insulating properties and because it reflects sunlight. Snow and ice in the Northern Hemisphere are melting, especially in the Arctic. SNOW

29. Decreasing Snow Cover Snow cover has declined in the Northern Hemisphere, especially in spring and summer. Mean monthly snow cover is decreasing by about 1.3% per decade. Northern Hemisphere Spring Snow

30. Snow is also melting earlier in the spring, increasing the snow-free period in the Arctic regions. This changes the average albedo. (decreasing) This change may significantly alter the overall planetary albedo, causing even further warming (positive feedback effect).

31. Snow Outlook for the Future Yellow to red is less snow Blue is increased snow The snow line (minimum elevation for snow cover in the mountains) is projected to rise in many mountain areas. Major reductions in snow cover are projected for mid- latitudes by the end of the this century (2100).

32.  Webquest  Check into SWIFT  Under Pearson Documents  W7 Albedo Webquest  Pg 114-116 in Lab Notebooks

33. This material is based on work supported by an Environmental Literacy Grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Office of Education (NA09SEC4690009) and prior work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants ANT-0342484 and ESI-0632175. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in these materials are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the National Science Foundation. http://andrill.org/education/elf/activities

34. Land Surface Type Avg. number of corn (energy) AlbedoNumber Reflected Number Absorbed Deserts15.3510 Ocean55.15.549.5 Ice and Snow10.882

35.  1. What land surface types absorbed/reflefted the most incoming radiation  The Grassland (.20 albedo) absorbed the most radiation at 3.14% of total radiation compared to the desert (.30) which reflected 8.14% of radiation. Use Data

38.  So how does albedo affect climate?  Name something with a high albedo,  Name something with a low albedo Pg 114 in science journals