1. One-Dimensional Sea Ice-Ocean Model Applied to SHEBA Experiment in 1997- 1998 Winter Paper Review One-Dimensional Sea Ice-Ocean Model Applied to SHEBA Experiment in 1997- 1998 Winter Wen-Yih Sun and Jiun-Dar Chern Wen-Ien

2. Introduction SHEBA: The Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean The model includes 1. a mixed-layer ocean model, ( used to predict water temp., salinity, density, and turbulent kinetic energy ) 2. a multi-layer snow/ice model, ( used to predict the thickness, temp., and heat transfer of snow/sea ice ) and the interfaces among atmosphere, snow/sea ice, and sea water.

3. 1. One-Dim. Mixed-Layer Ocean Model a. b. c. c. (Salinit y) (Densit y) (Ener gy) The equations for a one-dimensional ocean model, which include 27 layers. S: salinity, Δz: layer-thickness, ρ:density, T: water temperature, c: the specific heat capacity.

4. 1. Here k-1/2 and k+1/2 stand for the value at the top and bottom of the k- layer. 2. is the eddy flux and is derived from. : the eddy coefficient 3. : the Newtonian forcing for salinity. a. Sanity ( )

5. 1. : the density of sea water, = 1000 and = 273.15 K. 2. b. Density ( )

6. 1. is the specific heat capacity of sea water. 2. : the Newtonian forcing for temperature. 3. : the net latent heat released from freezing or melting. : is the mass loss (gain) due to freeze (melt) at the open water surface or ice-water interface. are precipitation rate for rain and snow. is the new fallen snow density. 4. The freezing point of seawater:. c. Energy ( )

7. 5. H is the heat flux inside the seawater. c. Energy Sensible Heat Flux Latent Heat Flux Heat Transfer of Precipitation albedo Downward Shortwave Radiation Upward and Downward Longwave Radiations Eddy Heat Flux

8. :wind speed near surface; c. Energy

9. To Be Continued…