1. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia Achievements of the LowE e.m. WG Petteri Nieminen & Maria Grazia Pia Geant4 Workshop Paris, 16-20 October 2000 http://www.ge.infn.it/lowE/

2. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia Birth and growth of the Low Energy e.m. Physics WG vWe applied for the creation of a new LowE e.m. WG in March 2000 vWG created by the CB in April 2000 ] 9 members at the time of the creation l 3 of the initial members lost l including holder of full time contract ] 33 members now ] 3 new applications to be examined this week by CB/TSB ] 3 new affiliations of existing collaborators ] Contacts in progress with 3 new groups interested to join

3. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia How we work ] Promotion of cross-WG activities ] Close relationship with user communities ] Regular Working Group meetings ] Emphasis on training of all group members ] Active strategy of talks and publications l for promotion of Geant4 and our own products l as an incentive and reward for the group members Goal-directed project management Spiral cyclic software process Characterized by Wide spectrum of development: Physics Applications

4. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia Milestones LowE e.m. Milestone Document, TSB April 2000 4Assessment of the physics implementation 4Physics updates and extensions 4Software quality and software process improvement 4Testing 4Design improvement 4Documentation and promotion

5. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia Assessment ] Thorough assessment of the existing software l design l implementations l physics performance l testing tools êComparisons with experimental data êComparisons with Standard e.m. processes in common validity range for debugging purpose l bugs and problems found and corrected l both in LowE and Standard... Close collaboration with user groups in the assessment ] Application to microdosimetry and nanodosimetry

6. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia New physics ] New model for positive charged hadrons (Ziegler 1985) ] Improvements on straggling (hadrons and ions) ] Introduction of a dynamic dependence on effective charge into the range calculation  Improvements in the validity range of  ray production ] New models for ion energy loss fluctuations ] New model for negative charged hadrons l first model was limited to a set of materials l then extended to all elements, based on theoretical calculations ] OO Analysis started for positrons

7. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia Results, photons waterFe Pb

8. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia Results, protons and ions

9. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia Plans for extensions ] Foreseen extensions include: polarisation in  conversion l polarisation in Compton effect l Doppler broadening l Auger electrons l models to handle material dependent effects at very low energies l reengineering of Penelope models into Geant4 l components of interest for space/astrophysics applications l components of interest for medical applications

10. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia Software Process Improvement ] Huge effort invested into SPI l started from level 0 l chaotic, left to heroic improvisation ] On-going process l the results of the assessment are probably already quite obsolete for the LowE e.m. WG... A sample of the improvements: l establishment and management of User Requirements Document l establishment and documentation of procedures l design before coding l designs and testing under configuration management l identification of tasks and responsibilities l tracking...too long to list all the improvements

11. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia Internal training ] Substantial investment in the internal training in the WG l guided readings l code reviews l mentoring l introduction to basic concepts in software process and OO methodologies èVisible effects on the quality of the software and of the process ] Great interest among the developers l who demand more of it Perhaps a suggestion for a collaboration-wide programme?

12. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia Testing l Two system tests l No unit tests l No testing procedures l Physics tests in personal accounts only l No distinction between tests and examples l Suite of unit tests l Suite of physics tests l Two system tests l Tests and examples are separated l Testing procedures l Testing integrated with development from... to...

13. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia Design ] Initial situation: l no architectural nor detailed design l no design process ] Massive improvement of the design and design process needed èspiral cyclic process èdesign iteration in the hadron/ion domain èdesign documentation ] Reverse engineering of existing classes ] Further design iterations already planned ] Education to design and design process in the WG

14. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia from... Top level class diagram RD44 Geant4alpha

15. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia Top level class diagram obtained from reverse engineering... to...

16. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia Design: electrons from...

17. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia Design: electrons to...

18. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia Design: photons from...

19. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia Design: photons to...

20. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia Design: hadrons, ions from... (reverse engineering...)

21. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia to...

22. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia Documentation User Documentation l Included LowE documentation in Application Developer Guide l Expanded LowE documentation in Physics Reference Manual l Identified wrong documentation in Toolkit Developer Guide Internal documentation procedures l design l tests Web page http://www.ge.infn.it/lowE/

23. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia Conferences 2000-2001 l CHEP 2000 (2) Padova, February l ESA-CERN workshop CERN, April l PTCOG Uppsala, April l ICCR Heidelberg, May l Workshop on Space Radiation Research Arona, May l ESTRO Istanbul, September l Calor 2000 Annecy, October l MC 2000 (3)  3 INFN preprints Lisbon, October l AIRO Pisa, October l ESTEC TOS-EMA Final Presentation DaysESTEC, December Seminars (DESY, Frascati, Genova, Rome, Stockholm, Udine)

24. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia Publications General LowE paper Electrons and photons Positive hadrons Ions Antiprotons Microdosimetry Space telescope general facility Brachytherapy general facility Brachytherapy comparison project Design of the LowE package The following publications on refereed journals are planned in the short term: Drafts already available for some of them

25. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia Other activities ] Three advanced examples developed by the LowE WG X-ray telescope  -ray telescope brachytherapy to be released in December ] Collaboration with AIDA analysis tools group ] Collaboration with other WGs: UI/GUI, Visualisation The examples/advanced directory has been empty since the time of the Niigata Workshop (July 1998)...

26. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia The user community ] The WG promotes close contacts with its users ] Large user community, in expansion l excellent relationships with our users l users often contact us directly l the promotion through conferences, seminars, and web pages plays a fundamental role in the contacts with user communities ] URD created, maintained and regularly updated ] Fruitful collaboration with users on testing “I really appreciate your support and I know you are doing your best. If you need any additional information, do not hesitate to contact me.” “Thank you very much for pointing out the pertinent parameters. I truly appreciate the time and effort you put into answering my questions.” Excerpts of communications with users on Problem Reports:

27. P. Nieminen & M.G. Pia Conclusions We fulfilled all our milestones. On time. We hope to have demonstrated to the Collaboration that the creation of the LowE e.m. WG has been fruitful to Geant4