1. IONISING RADIATION PUT TO USE 18.1

2. Modelling radioactive decay 18.1 Ionising radiation put to use

3. Modelling radioactive decay using dice We can use dice to model the decay of dice. Roll your dice and record the number of dice that have rolled a 6. Record this value in the table. Roll the remaining dice. Repeat. RollDice remaining 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Now plot the data, adding a line of best fit following the plotted data. It should be an exponential decay plot. What is the half-life of this sample of dice? Show your calculation on the graph

4. Learning objectives Ionising radiations have a wide range of uses, in medicine, technology and everyday life Ionising radiations mainly interact with matter by ionising atoms. Alpha radiation is strongly ionising, beta and gamma less so Alpha particles have a definite range in air. Beta particles have a variable range. Gamma radiation is attenuated exponentially in absorbing material with I = I 0 e -µx The unit of absorbed dose is the gray Gy, the energy in joule absorbed per kilogram of material. The unit of dose equivelant is the sievert Sv, the absorbed dose is gray multiplied by numerical factors to allow for the different effects of different types of radiation and tissue The concept of risk combines the probability of an event with the consequences of that event occuring: risk = probability x consequence

5. IONISING RADIATIONS HAVE A WIDE RANGE OF USES, IN MEDICINE, TECHNOLOGY AND EVERYDAY LIFE 18.1 Ionising radiation put to use

17. IONISING RADIATIONS MAINLY INTERACT WITH MATTER BY IONISING ATOMS. ALPHA RADIATION IS STRONGLY IONISING, BETA AND GAMMA LESS SO 18.1 Ionising radiation put to use

18. ALPHA PARTICLES HAVE A DEFINITE RANGE IN AIR. BETA PARTICLES HAVE A VARIABLE RANGE. GAMMA RADIATION IS ATTENUATED EXPONENTIALLY IN ABSORBING MATERIAL WITH I = I 0 E -µX 18.1 Ionising radiation put to use

19. THE UNIT OF ABSORBED DOSE IS THE GRAY GY, THE ENERGY IN JOULE ABSORBED PER KILOGRAM OF MATERIAL. THE UNIT OF DOSE EQUIVELANT IS THE SIEVERT SV, THE ABSORBED DOSE IS GRAY MULTIPLIED BY NUMERICAL FACTORS TO ALLOW FOR THE DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF RADIATION AND TISSUE 18.1 Ionising radiation put to use

20. THE CONCEPT OF RISK COMBINES THE PROBABILITY OF AN EVENT WITH THE CONSEQUENCES OF THAT EVENT OCCURING: RISK = PROBABILITY X CONSEQUENCE 18.1 Ionising radiation put to use