1. Concrete Structures Concrete is by far the most widely used construction material today. The versatility and mouldability of this material, its high compressive strength, and the discovery of the reinforcing and prestressing techniques which helped to make up for its low tensile strength have contributed largely to its widespread use. We can rightly say that we are in the age of concrete.

2. It is easy to make concrete. There is an old saying that broken stone, sand, and cement make good concrete. But the same proportion of broken stone, sand and cement also make bad concrete. This is mainly because the quality of the end product depends as much, and perhaps more, on the man on the job as on the constituent materials. The difference between good concrete and bad concrete lies in quality control.

3. QUALITY ASSURED BY Quality of Input Materials Adherence to specifications Quality of end product

4. QUALITY ASSURANCE Quality Assurance: The planned and systematic activities implemented in a quality system so that quality requirements for a product will be fulfilled. Quality Control: The observation techniques and activities used to fulfill requirements for quality

5. The main tasks are: Study of designs and specifications of works. Draw Quality Assurance Carry out QA checks on on-going works. Carry out QA checks on completed work.

6. DESCRIPTION OF TASKS STUDY OF DESIGNS AND SPECIFICATIONS Study of Designs, Plans and Specifications for constructability and operability. Important decisions regarding Quality of Works are made during design and planning stages, rather than during construction. During these preliminary stages, the component configurations, material specifications, item wise specifications are decided. Quality Assurance during construction depends on conformance to the design and specifications.

7. QA CHECKS – ONGOING WORKS - To ensure the materials, construction works are as per specifications of APSS and IScodes. -Defect prevention is preferred to detection after occurrence.

8. CARRYOUT CHECKS ON COMPLETED WORKS The linear measurement of the finished works are to be verified whether they confirm to tolerances. The finished work shall be tested for its performance with non-destructive testing and other tests required