2. Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

3. Essential Question: Champion of the Common Man? King Andrew? OR

5. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

6. Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860

7. Campaigning on the Stump Campaigning on the Stump

8. Why Increased Democratization? 3 White male suffrage increased 3 Party nominating committees. 3 Voters chose their states slate of Presidential electors. 3 Spoils system. 3 Rise of Third Parties. 3 Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.) 3 Two-party system returned in the 1832 election: Dem-Reps Natl. Reps.(1828) Whigs (1832) Republicans (1854) Dem-Reps Natl. Reps.(1828) Whigs (1832) Republicans (1854) Democrats (1828) Democrats (1828)

10. Jackson s First Hermitage Residence

11. First Known Painting of Jackson, 1815

12. General Jackson During the Seminole Wars

14. The Common Man s Presidential Candidate

15. Jackson s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay [KY] John Quincy Adams [MA] John C. Calhoun [SC] William H. Crawford [GA]

16. Results of the 1824 Election A Corrupt Bargain? A Corrupt Bargain?

18. Opposition to John Quincy Adams 3 Some believed he allowed too much political control to be held by elites. 3 Some objected to his support of national economic development on constitutional grounds. Adams believed a strong, active central government was necessary. Adams believed a strong, active central government was necessary. A national university. A national university. An astronomical observatory. An astronomical observatory. A naval academy. A naval academy. 3 Many Americans saw Adams vision of a might nation led by a strong president as a threat to individual liberties.

21. Tariff Battles 3 Tariff of 1816 on imports of cheap textiles. 3 Tariff of 1824 on iron goods and more expensive woolen and cotton imports. 3 Tariff of 1828 higher tariffs on imported raw materials [like wool & hemp]. Supported by Jacksonians to gain votes from farmers in NY, OH, KY. Supported by Jacksonians to gain votes from farmers in NY, OH, KY. The South alone was adamantly against it. The South alone was adamantly against it. As producers of the worlds cheapest cotton, it did not need a protective tariff. As producers of the worlds cheapest cotton, it did not need a protective tariff. They were negatively impacted American textiles and iron goods [or the taxed English goods] were more expensive! They were negatively impacted American textiles and iron goods [or the taxed English goods] were more expensive!

22. Votes in the House for the Tariff of Abomination Votes in the House for the Tariff of Abomination

23. Land & Indian Policies 3 John Quincy Adams: His land policies gave westerners anothr reason to dislike him. His land policies gave westerners anothr reason to dislike him. He attempted to curb speculation for public lands his opponent accused him of denying their individual rights and freedoms to expand westward! He attempted to curb speculation for public lands his opponent accused him of denying their individual rights and freedoms to expand westward! He supported the land rights of Native Americans against white settlers. He supported the land rights of Native Americans against white settlers. 1825 govt. officials negotiated a treaty with a group of Creek Indians to cede their land rights to GA. 1825 govt. officials negotiated a treaty with a group of Creek Indians to cede their land rights to GA. The Creek Indians appealed to Adams to renounce the treaty. The Creek Indians appealed to Adams to renounce the treaty. Congress sided with the governor of GA. Congress sided with the governor of GA.

24. The 1828 Election 3 Jacksons campaign was engineered by Senator Martin Van Buren of NY He wanted to recreate the old Jeffersonian coalition of: He wanted to recreate the old Jeffersonian coalition of: Northern farmers and artisans. Northern farmers and artisans. Southern slave owners. Southern slave owners. Farmers with small land holdings. Farmers with small land holdings. He created the Democratic Party from the remains of Jeffersons old party: He created the Democratic Party from the remains of Jeffersons old party: Created a national committee that oversaw local and state party units. Created a national committee that oversaw local and state party units. Mass meetings, parades, picnics. Mass meetings, parades, picnics. A lot of political mudslinging on both sides. A lot of political mudslinging on both sides.

25. Rachel Jackson Final Divorce Decree

26. Jackson in Mourning for His Wife

27. 1828 Election Results

28. The Center of Population in the Country Moves WEST

29. The New Jackson Coalition The New Jackson Coalition 3 The Planter Elite in the South 3 People on the Frontier 3 Artisans [competition from factory labor]. 3 State Politicians spoils system To the victor belong the spoils of the enemy! [William Marcy of NY] 3 Immigrants in the cities.

30. Jackson as Satan Dangles the Spoils of Victory over his Supporters

31. Jackson s Faith in the Common Man Jackson s Faith in the Common Man 3I3I3I3Intense distrust of Eastern establishment, monopolies, & special privilege. 3H3H3H3His heart & soul was with the plain folk. 3B3B3B3Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

32. The Reign of King Mob The Reign of King Mob

33. Andrew Jackson as President

34. The Peggy Eaton Affair The Peggy Eaton Affair

36. The Webster-Hayne Debate Sen. Daniel Webster [MA] Sen. Robert Hayne [SC]

37. 18301830 Webster: Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Jackson: Our Federal Unionit must be preserved. Calhoun: The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

38. Calhoun Ascends the Platform that Leads to Despotism

39. 1832 Tariff Conflict 3 1832 --> new tariff 3 South Carolinas reaction? 3 Jacksons response? 3 Clays Compromise Tariff?

40. Clays Sews Up Jackson s Mouth (1834)

42. Indian Removal 3 Jacksons Goal? 3 1830 Indian Removal Act 3 Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) * domestic dependent nation 3 Worcester v. GA (1832) 3 Jackson: John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!

43. The Cherokee Nation After 1820

44. Indian Removal

45. The Grand National Caravan Moving West

46. Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

47. Jackson s Professed Love for Native Americans

49. Jackson s Use of Federal Power VETO 1830 Maysville Road project in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay]

50. The National Bank Debate Nicholas Biddle Nicholas Biddle [an arrogant aristocrat from Philadelphia] President Jackson

51. Opposition to the 2 nd B.U.S. Soft (paper) $ Hard (specie) $ 3s3s3s3state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely. 3s3s3s3supported rapid economic growth & speculation. 3f3f3f3felt that coin was the only safe currency. 3d3d3d3didnt like any bank that issued bank notes. 3s3s3s3suspicious of expansion & speculation.

52. The Monster Is Destroyed! 3 Pet Banks 3 1832 Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2 nd National Bank of the United States. 3 1836 the charter expired. 3 1841 the bank went bankrupt!

53. The Downfall of Mother Bank The Downfall of Mother Bank

54. The Bank & the 1832 Election 3 Jackson saw Biddles pushing forward a bill to renew the Banks charter earlier as an attempt to block his re-election! Biddle & his associates preferred Clay. Biddle & his associates preferred Clay. Jackson refused to sign the bill to re- charter. Jackson refused to sign the bill to re- charter. The Bank is trying to destroy me, but I will destroy it! The Bank is trying to destroy me, but I will destroy it! Jackson drops Calhoun and runs with Martin Van Buren. Jackson drops Calhoun and runs with Martin Van Buren. BUT, both parties [Democrats & Whigs] had contradictory positions regarding their party principles, to many of the issues of the day! BUT, both parties [Democrats & Whigs] had contradictory positions regarding their party principles, to many of the issues of the day!

55. An 1832 Cartoon: King Andrew ? King Andrew ? An 1832 Cartoon: King Andrew ? King Andrew ?

56. Positions on the Key Issues of 1832 WHIGSWHIGSDEMOCRATSDEMOCRATS Less concerned about the widening gap between rich and poor. Less concerned about the widening gap between rich and poor. Opposed liberal capitalism because they believed it would lead to economic chaos. Opposed liberal capitalism because they believed it would lead to economic chaos. Strong national govt. to coordinate the expanding economy was critical. Strong national govt. to coordinate the expanding economy was critical. Opposes Indian removal. Opposes Indian removal. Favored tariffs. Favored tariffs. Supported a National Bank. Supported a National Bank. Felt the widening gap between rich and poor was alarming. Felt the widening gap between rich and poor was alarming. Believed that bankers, merchants, and speculators were non-producers who used their govt. connections to line their own pockets. Believed that bankers, merchants, and speculators were non-producers who used their govt. connections to line their own pockets. Govt. should have a hands- off approach to the economy to allow the little guy a chance to prosper. Govt. should have a hands- off approach to the economy to allow the little guy a chance to prosper. For Indian removal. For Indian removal. Oppose tariffs. Oppose tariffs. States rights. States rights. Oppose federal support for internal improvements. Oppose federal support for internal improvements. Opposed the National Bank. Opposed the National Bank.

57. 1832 Election Results

58. The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren Old Kinderhook [O. K.]

59. The Specie Circular (1836) 3 Speculators created wildcat banks that fueled the runaway inflation. 3 So, buy future federal land only with gold or silver. This move shocked the system. This move shocked the system. 3 Jacksons goal to curb the land speculation.

60. Results of the Specie Circular $Banknotes loose their value. $Land sales plummeted. $Credit not available. $Businesses began to fail. $Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837! The Panic of 1837!

61. The Panic of 1837 Hits Everyone!

62. The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!

63. Andrew Jackson in Retirement

64. Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844 (one year before his death) 1767 - 1845