1. Global Response Force Outload Decision Support Tool UNCLASSIFIED1 Zachary Horowitz, Tyler Maeker, Marissa Malta, and Thomas Schafer Advisor: Major David Beskow

2. Problem Definition Develop an Out-load Decision Support Tool (ODST) that builds/adjusts the Vehicle List (PVL) and optimizes vehicle to various types of aircraft. Priority assignment

3. Agenda Introduction Prioritization Assignment Range Visualization Implementation Questions UNCLASSIFIED3

4. 4 Introduction GRF N-hourN-hour +18 A lot has to happen here

5. UNCLASSIFIED5 Introduction to Our Problem N-hour +3 N-hour +18

6. Functional Hierarchy

7. Prioritization – Multi–Objective Decision Analysis (MODA): Creating a value model that takes multiple criterion into account and weighs their importance based on stakeholder’s needs to give each vehicle a value which can in turn be used to rank them. – We explored using War Fighting Functions, Echelon, and Company Level Units as criteria for a value function UNCLASSIFIED7 Which of these is more Important for a given mission? Did Not Adequately approximate commander’s prioritization

8. UNCLASSIFIED8 The ODST allows prioritization by capability rather than vehicle This allows for the commander to have greater flexibility when various missions arise Prioritization as Implemented

9. UNCLASSIFIED9 How do we optimally assign vehicles to Aircraft??? Linear Programming Heuristic Algorithm or

10. UNCLASSIFIED10 Linear Programming Formulation: Minimize Empty Space Minimize Deviations from Priority List Implemented in Excel using OpenSolver http://opensolver.org/ http://opensolver.org/

11. UNCLASSIFIED11 Heuristic Algorithm Heuristic Algorithm is an intuitive approach created to logically and simply solve a complex problem. Begin by assigning prioritized vehicles to aircraft. If a vehicle doesn’t fit, check each previous aircraft available space before moving to a new one.

12. UNCLASSIFIED12 Comparison of Assignment Methods Heuristic Algorithm Optimization Tool Number of AC 26 Empty space 48 ft Sum of Deviations from PVL 34486 Comparison showing performance example when assigning 26 aircraft. Empty space measure shows that both methods perform at the same level. The heuristic does much better in comparison to the linear programming method as the alterations from the commander’s PVL are significantly less. Deviation of 2 1234

13. UNCLASSIFIED13 ODST Outputs This graphic provides a visualization of combat build by warfighting function. The independent variable is flight numbers, and the dependent variable is cumulative vehicles by warfighting function. This graphic allows commanders to visualize the total number of vehicles by category available at various times during the mission, stimulating re-prioritization if the mix of vehicles is not appropriate for a given time frame.

14. UNCLASSIFIED14 Range Calculations We collected data from the Institute for Defense Analyses for aircraft range as a function of payload for C17 and C130 aircraft Used a polynomial fitting function to represent the relationship for both Implemented this in the tool to using the assigned payloads to calculate range of mission aircraft Lockheed C-130 Hercules Payload (short tons) Range (Nautical miles)

15. Demo UNCLASSIFIED15

16. The 2nd Brigade Combat Team will test and evaluate the ODST as they prepare to take over responsibilities of the GRF. The 2nd BCT is the first brigade of the 82nd Airborne Division to transition to the new “Brigade Combat Team 2020.” UNCLASSIFIED16 Implementation and Way Ahead

17. UNCLASSIFIED17 Problem: Prioritization and Assignment currently take weeks to manually produce and are inflexible when complete Solution: With ODST this prioritization is accomplished in hours and is flexible enough to adapt to multiple mission profiles

18. Questions? UNCLASSIFIED18

19. References Clarke, Richard D. "Global Response Force in the Ranger Regiment." Personal interview. 12 Nov. 2013. Department of the Army. Response Standing Operation Procedures. Ft Bragg, 2013. Dyer, James S. "Remarks on the analytic hierarchy process." Management science 36.3 (1990): 249-258. Firesmith, Donald. "Prioritizing Requirements." Journal of Object Technology 3.8 (2004): 35-48. Greene, Christopher. "Global Response Force in the Ranger Regiment." Personal interview. 09 Oct. 2013. Karlsson, Joachim, and Kevin Ryan. "A cost-value approach for prioritizing requirements." Software, IEEE 14.5 (1997): 67-74. Karlsson, Joachim, Claes Wohlin, and Björn Regnell. "An evaluation of methods for prioritizing software requirements." Information and Software Technology 39.14 (1998): 939-947. Parnell, Gregory S., Patrick J. Driscoll, and Dale L. Henderson. Decision Making in Systems Engineering and Management. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011. Print. Powell, Stephen G., and Kenneth R. Baker. Management Science. Danvers, MA: John Wiley & Sons, 2010. Print. Y. K., Kevin. “A Multicriteria Optimization Approach to Aircraft Loading”. Operations Research 40(6): 1200-1201. Zahedi, Fatemeh. "The analytic hierarchy process—a survey of the method and its applications." interfaces 16.4 (1986): 96-108. UNCLASSIFIED19

20. Backup Slides UNCLASSIFIED20