1. The process of converting sunlight energy into food energy.
Photosynthesis
The process of converting sunlight energy into food energy.

2. ENERGY MOLECULES
Energy molecules are how the energy from the sunlight is going to get converted into the energy stored in a carbohydrate molecule.
ATP, NADPH, ADP & NADP+ are the primary energy molecules of photosynthesis.
Energy molecules are cycled (recycled) in the chloroplast.

3. ATP and ADP Adenosine triphosphate & Adenosine diphosphate
High energy bond
Adenosine triphosphate
&
Adenosine diphosphate

4. ATP & ADP are cycled in the cells

5. NADPH & NADP+ are cycled the same way!

6. The Cloroplast ~relative of the first photosynthetic bacteria on our planet. Product of Endosymbiosis.

7. Pigments Definition: A light absorbing molecule (visible spectrum)
- chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, carotonoids

8. Photosynthesis Reactions

9. Light Dependent Reactions aka: Light Reaction
Thylakoids
Photosystems
(chlorophyll)
Electron Transport Chain
ATP synthase
Produces ATP, NADPH & Oxygen gas
Cyclic vs. Non-cyclic

10. Light-Independent Reaction aka: Calvin Cycle, Dark Reaction, Calvin-Benson cycle
Stroma
RuBP – carbon fixation
Uses ATP & NADPH
Creates carbohydrates, like glucose
6 CO2 needed to make C6H12O6
6 “turns” of the Calvin cycle to create C6H12O6

11. BIG PICTURE The sunlight energy excites electrons that
are captured in ATP bonds and in the electrons in NADPH. That energy is transferred to the Calvin cycle and is transferred to the chemical bonds in the carbohydrates.
Reactants
Reactants:
CO2 is used in ___________________
H2O is used in the _______________
Products:
O2 is made in the _________________
Carbohydrates (C6H12O6)
are made in the ____________________
Products

12. Quiz time #1 In molecules, the stored energy is found in: A. The bonds
B. The atom
C. The middle of the molecule
D. None of the above

13. Quiz time #2 The molecule on this page is a picture of A. ATP B. ADP
C. NADPH
D. Glucose

14. Quiz time #3 ATP & NADPH are reactants in the photosynthesis equation.
A. True
B. False

15. Quiz time #4
ATP and NADPH are recycled between the Light-dependent reaction and the Light –independent reaction.
A. True
B. False

16. Quiz time #5 For the process of photosynthesis, ATP is made by
A. The cyclic pathway
B. The non-cyclic pathway
C. The Calvin Cycle
D. Both A & B
E. By A, B & C
F. None of the above

17. Quiz time #6 The Light –dependent reaction happens in the : A. stroma
B. thylakoid membranes
C. inner membrane space
D. None of the above

18. Quiz time #7 The Light –independent reaction happens in the :
A. stroma
B. thylakoid membranes
C. inner membrane space
D. None of the above

19. Quiz time #8 The LDR makes all of the following EXCEPT: A. ATP
B. NADPH
C. O2 gas
D. Carbohydrates

20. Quiz time #9 The LIR makes all of the following EXCEPT: A. ADP
B. NADP+
C. CO2 gas
D. Carbohydrates

21. Quiz time #10 Carbon in the CO2 molecule will eventually become
A. The carbohydrate
B. The carbon in the atmosphere
C. The water
D. None of the above

22. Quiz time #11 Oxygen in the H2O molecule will eventually become
A. The carbohydrate
B. The oxygen in the atmosphere
C. The carbon dioxide
D. None of the above

23. Quiz time #12 The hydrogen in C6H12O6 came from: A. the water
B. the NADPH
C. the air
D. both A & B
E. none of the above

24. Quiz time #13
If a carbohydrate has a chemical formula of C9H18O9, how many “turns” of the Calvin cycle are needed to create it?
A. 1
B. 3
C. 6
D. 9
E. this carbohydrate cannot be made in the Calvin Cycle.

25. Quiz time #14
If you are seeing a color, the pigments in the object are ________ that wavelength:
A. reflecting
B. absorbing

26. Quiz time #15
When bonds are broken in a molecule, energy is ____________, but when the bonds are created, energy is ____________.
A. release, stored
B. stored, release
C. created, destroyed
D. destroyed, created