1. Typography

2. TYPOGRAPHY: The art of type

3. TYPE All the letters (abc), Numbers (123) & characters (; ? @) of the alphabet.

4. MONOTYPE Trade name for hot metal composition system

5. FONT Type or letter style

6. VARIATIONS OF TYPE Width of letters: regular, extended or condensed Weight of letters: light, regular, bold, heavy

7. TYPESTYLE CATEGORIES SERIF: Letters that have feet or tails. SAN SERIF: Letters without feet or tails. SCRIPT: Letters that simulate handwriting (cursive) and/or calligraphy DECORATIVE: Letters that have character, are unique in style.

8. POINT Type is measured in points Smallest typographical unit. 1 point = 1/72 of an inch 36 point = ½ of an inch 72 point = 1 inch

9. SPACING TRACKING: Adjusting space between all letters equally. KERNING: Adjusting space between just two letters. LEADING: Adjusting space between sentences.

10. BASELINE The line where all letters stand on.

11. Typographical Designers

12. Three Famous English Type Designers William Caslon John Baskerville Stanley Morison

13. William Caslon Caslon Font

14. William Caslon [English] 1692-1766 Engraver, type founder, type designer. The first of a family of English type founders (Caslon I, II, III, IV) 1716: started business in London as an engraver and started a type foundry 1725: sets up his own type foundry, –it continued to operate for 200 years. 1734 : Caslon’s first one-page specimen: 47 of his typefaces Created Caslon font: used for the Declaration of Independence Influenced many contemporary typographers Known style: old style, roman

15. Foundries are organizations that manufacture fonts. Some are large companies, while others are just a designer or two. Type foundries have existed since the 1450s, the birth of printing in Europe.

16. John Baskerville Baskerville Font

17. John Baskerville [English] 1706-1775 Father of printing in England Skilled engraver of Tombstones Generated Baskerville font, still present today Established a paper mill, printing office and type foundry. Known style: between old style and modern style called ``Transitional'' type Major innovations in printing – making a flatter, sturdier bed in press construction – printing ink (blacker, opaque, more even, and quicker-drying) – papermaking (wove instead of laid) – letter design – he made changes to the way in which metal type was made, enabling him to produce finer, more delicate lettering than any before him had achieved.

18. Stanley Morison Times New Roman

19. Stanley Morison [English] 1889-1967 Typographer, type designer 1923–67: typography consultant to Monotype Corporation*. 1929–60: typography consultant to "The Times" daily newspaper. Created font Times New Roman, still present today 1932: The first issue of "The Times™" with font Times New Roman™, is printed. Produced some of the most popular text faces of the 20 th century *Montoype: trade name for hot metal composition system, It consists of two units: a keyboard and a casting machine.

20. Famous American Type Designer Morris Benton

21. Franklin Gothic

22. Morris Benton [American] 1872-1948 1892-1937: Type designer for ATF* Developed over 200 alphabets, all of which were published by ATF Leading American type designer *ATF: American Type Foundary conglomeration. It owns the rights to one of the world’s greatest libraries of original typefaces, largely directed and created by Morris Benton.

23. Broadway Hobo New Century School Book Commercial Script Designed by Morris Benton

24. Caslon Font (designed by Caslon) Baskerville Font (designed by Baskerville) Times New Roman (designed by Morrison New Century School Book (designed by Benton COMPARISONS