1. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Scaling TeraGrid Access: A Roadmap (Testbed) for Federated Identity Management for a Large Cyberinfrastructure Von Welch NCSA Manager, Security Research and Development

2. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Acknowledgments  This represents thinking by myself and a number of others: Ian Foster, Tom Scavo, Frank Siebenlist, Charlie Catlett, Jill Gemmill, Dane Skow  Whitepaper  http//gridshib.globus.org/tg-paper.html http//gridshib.globus.org/tg-paper.html  Workshop on TeraGrid Authentication, Authorization, and Account Management - August 30-31, 2006, Argonne National Laboratory  Organizers: Von Welch, Tony Rimovsky, Jim Marsteller, Carolyn Peters, Dane Skow  Attendees: 42 persons, representatives from all TeraGrid Resource Provider sites, OSG, Internet2, Globus  http://www-fp.mcs.anl.gov/tgmeeting/AAA-Agenda.htm http://www-fp.mcs.anl.gov/tgmeeting/AAA-Agenda.htm

3. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 So what the heck am I talking about? “Federated Identity Management”

4. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Identity Management  Keeping track of people  Who they are  What they are  How they authenticate E.g. their password, certificate name, public key  It’s the process of managing a user database  E.g. /etc/password, Kerberos KDC  For large sites, an actual database

5. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Ok, what’s Federated Identity Management?  Let’s start with non-federated identity management  This is what we do today  Each site has their own Identity management system  I.e. I have a separate account (username, password, etc.) at NCSA, SDSC, PSC, TACC…  So I have a separate identity at each site and they have no ties (federation) with each other

6. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Federated Identity Management  Instead of replicating a user in each identity management system, allow systems to leverage each other  E.g. I already have a username and password at the University of Illinois, allow me to use that to authenticate to NCSA, SDSC, PSC…

7. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Why do we care? (About Federated Identity Management)  Having to manage every user is hard work for a site  Enrollment: Password or key distributed  Maintenance: Password or key reset when forgotten/lost  User’s don’t really care for it either  Need a new username and password for each site  If TeraGrid is going to scale to O(100k) users it can’t enroll them all

8. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 One more thing…

9. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 What you are… your Attributes  Up to this point we’ve talked about who you are  And how you authenticate  Equally important is “what you are”  I.e. your attributes  E.g. I’m a “NCSA staff person”, “GridShib project leader”, “TeraGrid staff person”, “Globus security guy”…  Others are more interesting with attributes such as “nanoHUB user”, “ESG PI”, “BioPortal Admin”, “LEAD user”, etc.

10. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Attribute-based Authorization  What I’m allowed to do is often based on what I am  Today this is often implicit and bundled with authentication  E.g. I have an account at PSC because I’m a TeraGrid staff person  What a resource makes an authorization decision based on what I am instead of who, we call this “attribute-based authorization”  When this happens the resource may already know me or may never have heard of me

11. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Why do we care? (About Attribute-based Authorization)  It separates concerns appropriately  E.g. TeraGrid wants to serve the nanoHUB community  But, TeraGrid doesn’t know who the nanoHub community is, nanoHUB does

12. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Why do we care? (cont)  Old Model: nanoHub gives TeraGrid a list of all its users, TeraGrid adds each to their user database  And creates a password for them  And then on-going maintenance as users come and go and forget passwords  Once again, this is a large burden on TeraGrid identity management infrastructure

13. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Science Gateways  Science Gateways represent one form of attribute-based authorization today  Science Gateway represents a user group  Users access TeraGrid through the Science Gateway  TeraGrid gives access to the group as a whole  But has short-coming in that user identity is lost to TeraGrid

14. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 A vision for the TeraGrid Federated Identity  Plan for a world where users can be authenticated via their home campus identity management system  Outsource authentication and avoid identity management burden  Allow communities to assert user attributes  Enable attribute-based authorization of users by RP site  Allow for user authentication with authorization by community  Prototype system in testbed, with involvement of interested parties to work out issues  All usage still billed to an allocation  Community or individual

15. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Identity The Vision Campuses Attributes … nanoHUBNVOLEAD Communities

16. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Cracking the Chicken and Egg Problem  Chicken == Federated Identity-enabled Resources  Egg == Federated Identity-enabled Users  With TeraGrid as the Chicken, try to attract significant users

17. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Must keep this tied to users  Has potential to suffer from “copper plumbing” syndrome - better infrastructure without obvious user benefit  Identify target communities to participate in testbed  Need right combination of Shibboleth deployment and TeraGrid interest  (Yes, come talk to me, or Dane or Charlie if you are interested.)

18. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Testbed Use Cases 1.Individual New User 2.Individual Existing User Access 3.Shibboleth authentication to Gateway 4.Gateway attribute authorization to RP Use Case 5.OSG/VOMS access 6.Educational Access 7.Incident Response

19. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Testbed

20. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Challenges  Auditing/logging  For incident response  Tracking communities  Account management  Community Accounts  Dynamic Workspaces  Policy and Configuration  Creation, distribution, management  Balance with site autonomy

21. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Testbed Timeline  Complete testbed definition by end of 2006  Start testbed deployment January 1, 2007  Ok, maybe January 2nd, 2007  Expect three to six months of evaluation  Then generate plan for production deployment  Seeking participation from admins, users, communities, resources

22. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 The Technologies (Warning: Slides may contain acronyms typical of the computer profession. Those with allergies advised to advert their eyes.)

23. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Prior Work  Numerous others have tread this way before us. To name a few…  Cross-realm authentication  SSH (RSA keys)  Kerberos  RADIUS  Attribute-based authorization  DCE  AFS  One could make arguments to use these.  But I’m going to side-step this.

24. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Testbed Software Components  Enhanced CTSSv3 stack  Grid authentication (GSI/PKI/X.509 certificates)  Existing GT component extensions to enable attribute-based authorization (GridShib, Virtual Workspace for VOMS)  Installed on TeraGrid resources - alternate ports or head nodes  VOMS test server  Shibboleth and related software  myVocs, GridShib  Leverage InQueue/TestShib, InCommon, UTexas Federation  OpenIdp

25. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Grid Authentication  Globus Toolkit provides authentication services via X.509 credentials  When requesting a service, the user presents an X.509 certificate  RFC 3820 proxy certificate or standard end entity certificate  GridShib leverages the existing authentication mechanisms in GT

26. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Grid Authorization  Today, Globus Toolkit provides identity-based authorization mechanisms:  Access control lists (called grid-mapfiles) map DNs to local identity (e.g., Unix logins)  Community Authorization Service (CAS)  Some attribute-based authorization has appeared and is proving useful  E.g. VOMS, caBIG  Extensions to GT exist from GridShib, Virtual Workspace project

27. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 VOMS  Attribute system developed by the EU Data Grid  Uses X.509 attribute certificates (RFC 3281)  In use by EGEE, OSG

28. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Shibboleth  System developed by Internet2 to allow for federated identity management  Allows for inter-organization access to web resources  Not an identity management system  Exposes campus identity and attributes in standard format  Based on SAML as defined by OASIS  Policies for attribute release and transient handles to allow privacy

29. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Why Shibboleth?  A large (and growing) installed base on campuses around the world  Professional development and support team at Inetnet2  Additional tools from GridShib, UAB, MAMS (Australia), SWITCH, UK  Some commercial support now as well  A standards-based, open source implementation  A standard attribute vocabulary (eduPerson)

30. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 GridShib  Provides for interoperability between Shibboleth and Grids (Globus Toolkit 4.0)  GridShib for Globus Toolkit  A plugin for GT 4.0  GridShib for Shibboleth  A plugin for Shibboleth 1.3 IdP  GridShib SAML Tools  Tools for adding SAML to Grid credentials  GridShib CA  Converting Shibboleth authentication to Grid credentials

31. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 myVocs  myVocs developed @ UAB  Gemmill and Robinson  NMI funded  http://www.myvocs.org  myVocs allows for VOs based on Shibboleth identities  Users register via Shibboleth and can be added to myVocs-maintained groups  myVocs acts as a Shibboleth proxy to add group information to user’s normal Shibboleth information

32. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 myVocs-GridShib integration  GridShib authorizes use of Grid Services based on Shibboleth identities  Integration allows for the creation and management of Grid VOs based on Shibboleth  Demo’ed at I2 in April (and can do so anytime for interest parties)

33. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 OpenIdp  A Shibboleth identity provider for those who don’t have one at their campus yet  Also from UAB  www.openidp.org  Email-based registration  Helps to crack the egg  Commercial equivalent: protectnetwork.com

34. SC06 – Powerful Beyond Imagination Tampa, FL Nov 14, 2006 Thank you  For more information  Von Welch vwelch@ncsa.uiuc.edu  GridShib http://gridshib.globus.org  The white paper - http//gridshib.globus.org/tg-paper.html  Questions?