1. INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AND PEACE WAR FOR THE NEW WORLD ORDER AND WAR ON TERRORISM Arifah Raja Falency (I34014)

2. Discussion Question: Evaluate American War against Terrorism from the perspectives of Clausewitz

3. Terrorism According to George Ritzer, terrorism can be define as actions that cause deaths, serious bodily injuries, and serious damage to public or private property, places, facilities, or the other systems and are aimed to intimidating citizen, governments, or international organizations. Some key points to describe terrorism are: Create a terror Destroying public goods Killing innocent people Left a message and try to be exposed by media

4. September 11, 2001 This tragedy become a momentum where US put much effort and attention in war against terrorism. Why? The number of American killed by terrorism activities in the past 33 years is no more than 1000 people, overseas or in America. But in 9/11 tragedy, in less than 90 minutes, 3000 people who was working or only visiting either the World Trade Center or Pentagon was killed. US underestimated the capabilities of terrorist group

5. What US do There are 4 things that US should do: 1.Offensive campaign against Al Qaeda overseas Destroying or deterring regimes that shelter Al Qaeda 2.Bolstering homeland defense Homeland defense has a large hole. 3.Securing weapons and materials of mass destruction from possible theft or purchase by terrorist Failed to move strongly to lock down these materials and scientist 4.Winning wars of ideas United States must develop and use its power to persuade and to make peace. Bush administration only focus to the first one while neglecting the other three critical fronts.

6. Clausewitz Perspective This war on terrorism, is not something new to Clausewitz theory, its only the modernize or application of Clausewitz theory. Three critical elements in Clausewitz’s military-political definition of war: 1.The effort is directed toward an identified opponent, 2.It is involves violence or use of force to compel our opponent to fulfill our will, 3.Know our national will.

7. The effort is directed toward an identified opponent According to 9/11 Commission, it stated that the opponent in this war are terrorist groups and their allies, particularly the global Al Qaeda network that forms the threat of Islamist terrorism. It is involves violence or use of force to compel our opponent to fulfill our will American forces to destroy the terrorist base camp in Afghanistan and Iraq is completely satisfying the second elements, war is basically violence. Clausewitz Perspective

8. Know the National Will America stated their national will in Public Laws 107-40 and 107- 243. In the Public Law 107-243, it stated that the President is authorized to use force against those nations, organizations, or persons who planned and carried out the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, and those who harbored them, in order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism against United States. Clausewitz Perspective

9. Public Law 107-243, it stated that US authorizes the President to use the armed forces of the United States to defend itself against the threat posed by Iraq, and to enforce United Nations Security Council resolutions regarding Iraq. Clausewitz Perspective

10. Fog and Friction Fog means the uncertainty of the information available to the commander Friction means there is an idea that everything in the war is simple, but the simplest thing is difficult. And that difficulties accumulate. Fog and friction can be observed throughout War on Terror. In the war on terror, there is lack of clarity in the information that exist at the policy strategic, operational, and tactical level of effort.

11. In case of friction, during the war on terror there occurred the interagency conflict between international, state, federal, local, tribal, and private agencies in the homeland. This fog an friction conflict create a strategic gap between the agencies in US such as between Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Defense. Clausewitz Perspective

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