1. Universal Design for Learning Making Connections Edmonton, Alberta August, 2011

2. Connecting with the Past: Where did UDL come from? © CAST 2011

3. Where is UDL now? Connecting with the Southern Provinces © CAST 2011

4. Section 103(24) UNIVERSAL DESIGN FOR LEARNING. The term ‘universal design for learning’ means a scientifically valid framework for guiding educational practice that— (A)provides flexibility in the ways information is presented, in the ways students respond or demonstrate knowledge and skills, and in the ways students are engaged; and (B)reduces barriers in instruction, provides appropriate accommodations, supports, and challenges, and maintains high achievement expectations for all students, including students with disabilities and students who are limited English proficient. U.S. Public Policy © CAST 2011

5. National Educational Technology Plan November 2010 Dear Members of Congress: Education is vital to America's individual and collective economic growth and prosperity....... To that end, I am presenting you with the Administration's National Education Technology Plan, Transforming American Education: Learning Powered by Technology. The plan calls for applying the advanced technologies used in our daily personal and professional lives to our entire education system to improve student learning, accelerate and scale up the adoption of effective practices, and use data and information for continuous improvement...... © CAST 2011

6. ...The model of learning described in this plan calls for engaging and empowering personalized learning experiences for learners of all ages. The model stipulates that we focus what and how we teach to match what people need to know and how they learn. It calls for using state-of-the-art technology and Universal Design for Learning (UDL) concepts to enable, motivate, and inspire all students to achieve, regardless of background, languages, or disabilities. © CAST 2011

7. The National Instructional Materials Accessibility Standard NIMAS Legislation (2006) © CAST 2011

8. ...NIMAS is a standard for digital source files that can be used to accurately and reliably produce instructional materials in a variety of alternate formats using the same source file. © CAST 2011

9. …addresses the national need to increase the availability and timely delivery of print instructional materials in accessible formats to blind or other students with print disabilities in elementary and secondary schools. © CAST 2011

10. Making Connections Neural Networks in the Brain © CAST 2011

13. Posner and Raichle, Images of the Brain © CAST 2011

14. What Learning Looks Like* © CAST 2011

15. What Learning Looks Like* © CAST 2011

16. Vygotsky and the Brain © CAST 2011

17. What does this ability to visualize the functioning brain teach us about learning? © CAST 2011

18. What do we learn from modern neurosciences? Learning is highly diverse by individual. © CAST 2011

19. From Shaywitz et al. FMRI – Dyslexia

20. When reading emotion, teens (left) rely more on the amygdala, while adults (right) rely more on the frontal cortex. Deborah Yurgelon-Todd, 2000 © CAST 2011

21. What do we learn from modern neurosciences? Learning is highly diverse in its distribution. © CAST 2011

23. PET scans by Lawrence Parsons, Peter Fox, and Donald Hodges Universty of Texas, San Antonio Left panel: the harmony condition activated the left side of the brain more than the right. It also activated inferior (or lower) regions of the temporal cortex as compared to the melody condition Center panel: the melody condition activated both sides of the area called the temporal cortex (which is known to represent sound) to a much greater extent than did the rhythm and harmony conditions. Right panel: much of the brain activation observed during the rhythm condition was in the cerebellum. © CAST 2011

24. What are the core differences that result in “neurodiversity.” © CAST 2011

26. How to make sense of all of the possible distributed learning in the brain?

27. © CAST 2011

28. Understanding what underlies the variability in learning © CAST 2011 Recognition networks Strategic networks Affective networks

29. Perceive information in the environment and transform it into useable knowledge Understanding the science of what learning is © CAST 2011 Recognition networks

30. © CAST 2011

31. Recognition Networks – Distributed © CAST 2011

35. Face Blind! By Bill Choisser http://www.choisser.com/faceblind/

36. © CAST 2011

37. Recognition Networks - Parallel © CAST 2011

41. Recognition Networks - Heterarchical © CAST 2011

44. Illusions as top-down constraints on understanding images © CAST 2011 Shadow Presidential Illusion Shadow & Ball Illusions Reveal the Brain’s Assumptions Illusions Reveal the Brain’s Assumptions

46. The Problem of Ruth: Individual Differences 1 © CAST 2011

47. From Shaywitz et al © CAST 2011

49. Plan, organize, and initiate purposeful actions on the environment Understanding the science of what learning is © CAST 2011 Strategic networks

50. © CAST 2011

54. Strategic Networks - Heterarchical © CAST 2011 Strategic networks

55. What are the primary components of successful action and expression? Moving toward guidelines © CAST 2011 Strategic networks

56. Physical Actions or Movement What goes into strategic action and expression? © CAST 2011

57. Skills and Fluency What goes into strategic action and expression?

58. Executive Functions

59. © CAST 2011

62. What kinds of frontal systems are part of the diversity in learning? © CAST 2011

63.   © CAST 2011

64.   © CAST 2011

66. Monitor the internal and external environment to set priorities and to motivate learning and behavior Understanding the science of what learning is © CAST 2011 Affective networks

67. © CAST 2011

68. Monitor the internal and external environment to set priorities and to motivate learning and behavior

69. © CAST 2011

70. Individual Differences in Distributed Learning © CAST 2011 Recognition networks Strategic networks Affective networks

71. Integrated Networks © CAST 2011 McGurk Effect Stroop Effect Capgras Syndrome

72. © CAST 2011

73. Wolf, M. (2007). Proust and the Squid. pp.176 Which brings us back to the reading brain… © CAST 2011