1.  Sorry I’m absent and not able to elaborate on these notes. My daughter is sick .  Please read through this power point with your group and discuss what doesn’t make sense OR write down your questions and then email me! Please don’t wait until I came back because that’s too long to be confused.

2.  Heart Attack! Only 1 group thought this was the answer mostly because what we “know” as symptoms of heart attack are more typical of the symptoms men have!

3.  A closed system of the heart and blood vessels  The heart pumps blood  Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body  The function of the cardiovascular system is to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products

4.  Location  Thorax between the lungs  Pointed apex directed toward left hip  About the size of your fist  Starts to beat 22 days after conception!

5. Figure 11.1

6.  Pericardium – a double serous membrane  Serous fluid fills the space between the layers of pericardium.  Why is the heart surrounded by fluid?  NO FRICTION!!!  Balloon pericardium

8.  Three layers  Epicardium  Outside layer  Connective tissue layer- thin & strong  Myocardium  Middle layer  Mostly cardiac muscle- thick & strong  Endocardium  Inner layer  Endothelium-epithelial cells! Remember epithelial cells line all of your hollow organs! Where are MAJORITY of epithelial cell located?  Skin!

9. Figure 11.2a

10.  Blood in the heart chambers does not nourish the myocardium  The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system  Coronary arteries  Cardiac veins  Blood empties into the right atrium via the coronary sinus  IF THESE GET BLOCKED YOU CAN HAVE A HEART ATTACK. Which pretty much means your heart is not beating correctly…it’s in a spasm. You die if enough of the heart cells die due to lack of O2.

11. Blood Circulation Q: Based on the picture (or your own knowledge) Why is the left side muscle wall thicker then the right side??? A: Left side pumps to the entire body while the right side just pumps to the heart! Figure 11.3

12. Q: Do Arteries ONLY carry oxygenated blood and veins ONLY deoxygenated? A: No…look closely. What statement CAN be made about these vessels? A: Arteries away & Veins towards heart.

13.  Aorta  Leaves left ventricle  Pulmonary arteries  Leave right ventricle  Vena cava  Enters right atrium  Pulmonary veins (four)  Enter left atrium

14.  Right and left side act as separate pumps  Four chambers  Atria  Receiving chambers  Ventricles  Discharging chambers Figure 11.2c

15.  Allow blood to flow in only one direction  Four valves  Atrioventricular valves – between atria and ventricles  Bicuspid valve (left)  Tricuspid valve (right)  Semilunar valves between ventricle and artery  Pulmonary semilunar valve  Aortic semilunar valve

16.  Valves open as blood is pumped through  Held in place by chordae tendineae (“heart strings”)  Close to prevent backflow

17.  Quick review of blood movement thought the heart  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SvAVu- 7E2gA song 3min http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SvAVu- 7E2gA  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLTdgrhp DCg technical 1.5 min http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLTdgrhp DCg

18. Figure 11.4

19.  Large losses of blood have serious consequences  Loss of 15 to 30 percent causes weakness  Loss of over 30 percent causes shock, which can be fatal  Transfusions are the only way to replace blood quickly  Transfused blood must be of the same blood group

20.  Blood contains genetically determined proteins  A foreign protein (antigen) may be attacked by the immune system  Blood is “typed” by using antibodies that will cause blood with certain proteins to clump (agglutination)

21.  There are over 30 common red blood cell antigens  The most vigorous transfusion reactions are caused by ABO and Rh blood group antigens

22.  Based on the presence or absence of two antigens  Type A  Type B  The lack of these antigens is called type O

23.  The presence of both A and B is called type AB  The presence of either A or B is called types A and B, respectively

24.  Named because of the presence or absence of one of eight Rh antigens (agglutinogen D)  Most Americans are Rh +  Problems can occur in mixing Rh + blood into a body with Rh – blood

25.  Danger is only when the mother is Rh – and the father is Rh +, and the child inherits the Rh + factor

26.  The mismatch of an Rh – mother carrying an Rh + baby can cause problems for the unborn child  The first pregnancy usually proceeds without problems  The immune system is sensitized after the first pregnancy  In a second pregnancy, the mother’s immune system produces antibodies to attack the Rh + blood (hemolytic disease of the newborn)

27.  Blood samples are mixed with anti-A and anti-B serum  Coagulation or no coagulation leads to determining blood type  Typing for ABO and Rh factors is done in the same manner  Cross matching – testing for agglutination of donor RBCs by the recipient’s serum, and vice versa

28. Figure 10.8

29.  We will be dissecting a preserved sheep heart next class. So BRUSH UP ON the external parts (major blood vessels) and the internal parts (valves, chambers, septum)  Go to next slide

30.  Starting now you will prepare for our dissection.  You will make “flags” for labeling with tape, construction paper & toothpicks.  Once you are done make an envelope (fold it into 4 th and then fold the top over) out of a sheet of paper, put your names on it & put it in the bin.  Once you have finished flags you should review & study the diagram of the interior of the heart that shows all 4 chambers (which is a frontal (coronal) cut) and compare it to the picture of an actual heart so you have a better idea of what the structures REALLY look like.  During dissection you will flag all of the parts of the heart, using only your brains, for credit. So, be prepared!  Go to next slide

31.  HW: finish the writing prompts. Once you finish the flags you can work on this.  I will collect both WP next class.  Go to next slide…

32. 1. L Atrium 2. R Atrium 3. L Ventricle 4. R Ventricle 5. Bicuspid valve (left) 6. Tricuspid valve (right) 7. Pulmonary semilunar valve 8. Aortic semilunar valve 9. chordae tendineae 10. Aorta 11. Base 12. Apex 13. Superior vena cava 14. Septum