3. Parts of The Heart The Atria (or Atriums) The Atria (or Atriums) -Receiving Chambers -Receiving Chambers The Ventricles The Ventricles -Pumping Chambers -Pumping Chambers The Valves The Valves -Prevents backflow -Prevents backflow The Septum The Septum -Divides the Heart -Divides the Heart Right side = incoming blood Right side = incoming blood Left side = outgoing blood Left side = outgoing blood

4. ANATOMY OF THE HEART

5. Label the structures of the heart from your handout. Refer to your text P. 495 You have 10 minutes!

8. PATHWAY OF BLOOD Trace the flow of a red blood cell as it returns to the heart from the body's cells.

9. PATHWAY OF BLOOD 1) a. superior vena cava or 1)b. inferior vena cava 2) right atrium 3) tricuspid valve—(AV valve) 4) right ventricle 5) pulmonary valve—(semilunar valve) 6) pulmonary artery (goes to lungs)

10. PATHWAY OF BLOOD 7)pulmonary vein (from the lungs) 8) left atrium 9) bicuspid valve (left AV valve) 10) left ventricle 11) aortic valve (semilunar valve) 12) aorta 13) to the body’s cells

11. HEART SOUNDS Normal Sounds (48 sec): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NeMJXMSkA7g (3:30 min) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE When you hear your heart beating, what are you actually listening to?

12. What do blue vs. red areas represent?

13. AV SL AV Heart valves 4 valves in the heart 4 valves in the heart –flaps of connective tissue –prevent backflow ____________________________ ____________________________ –between atrium & ventricle –keeps blood from flowing back into atria when ventricles contract »“lub” ____________________________ ____________________________ –between ventricle & arteries –prevent backflow from arteries into ventricles while they are relaxing »“dub”

14. AV SL AV Lub-dub, lub-dub Heart sounds Heart sounds –closing of valves –“Lub” »recoil of blood against closed AV valves –“Dub” »recoil of blood against semilunar valves Heart murmur Heart murmur –defect in valves causes hissing sound when stream of blood squirts backward through valve

15. Cardiac cycle systolic ________ diastolic pump (peak pressure) _________________ fill (minimum pressure) 1 complete sequence of pumping 1 complete sequence of pumping –heart contracts & pumps –heart relaxes & chambers fill –contraction phase »______________ »ventricles pumps blood out –relaxation phase »______________ »atria refill with blood 110 ____ 70

16. Measurement of blood pressure High Blood Pressure (hypertension) High Blood Pressure (hypertension) –if top number ( systolic pumping) > 150 –if bottom number ( diastolic filling) > 90

18. Control of Heart Rate contraction without brain input contraction without brain input Sinoatrial (SA) node, also called pacemaker cells are nerve cells in the right atrium Sinoatrial (SA) node, also called pacemaker cells are nerve cells in the right atrium SA node causes the atria to contract SA node causes the atria to contract sends electrical stimuli to the atrioventricular (AV) node. sends electrical stimuli to the atrioventricular (AV) node. electrical stimuli are sent through two nerve fibres called Purkinje fibres to the ventricles electrical stimuli are sent through two nerve fibres called Purkinje fibres to the ventricles causing them to contract. causing them to contract.

19. Control of Heart Rate

20. Disorders of CV System Plaque Plaque –Patchwork of cholesterol, calcium and fat deposits that stick to interior walls Dangers of plaque build up Dangers of plaque build up –Atherosclerosis –Heart attack –Arteriosclerosis –Sudden cardiac arrest

21. Atherosclerosis Narrowing of the arteries resulting from plaque building up inside the artery wall Narrowing of the arteries resulting from plaque building up inside the artery wall Blood pressure increases Blood pressure increases Sometimes flow completely blocked Sometimes flow completely blocked

22. Heart Attack Blood supply to heart tissue is slowed or stopped Blood supply to heart tissue is slowed or stopped Narrowing coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis Narrowing coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis Heart usually does not stop beating Heart usually does not stop beating Pain in upper chest, shortness of breath, nausea Pain in upper chest, shortness of breath, nausea Heart muscle can die Heart muscle can die

23. Arteriosclerosis Advanced stage of plaque buildup Advanced stage of plaque buildup Deposits on artery wall harden Deposits on artery wall harden Arteries lose elasticity and ability to stretch Arteries lose elasticity and ability to stretch Decrease in BP and chance of blood clots Decrease in BP and chance of blood clots

24. Sudden Cardiac Arrest Heart suddenly stops functioning Heart suddenly stops functioning Drowning, electrocution, trauma, choking Drowning, electrocution, trauma, choking Coronary heart disease most common Coronary heart disease most common

25. CV Disorders Arrhythmia Arrhythmia –Irregular heart beat Hypertension Hypertension –High blood pressure Heart failure Heart failure –Heart cant pump blood efficiently or send blood with enough force to body Aneurysm Aneurysm –Bulge in artery wall Stroke Stroke –Blood clot in artery going to brain

26. Cholesterol A fat that is part of your cell membranes and is used to synthesize hormones, bile and vitamin D A fat that is part of your cell membranes and is used to synthesize hormones, bile and vitamin D Liver manufactures Liver manufactures Transported by two lipoproteins made of fat and proteins Transported by two lipoproteins made of fat and proteins –HDL and LDL

27. Lipoproteins HDL HDL –Good cholesterol –Helps remove excess cholesterol from tissues and arteries LDL LDL –Bad cholesterol –Becomes part of plaque in arteries –Found in food high in trans and saturated fats