Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byAleesha Gilmore Modified over 9 years ago
1
Do Now: Is it made from living material (organic) or not (inorganic)? Plastic Milk Rock River Tree Air Salt Gold Skin Inorganic – non living Organic – living Inorganic – non living Organic – living Inorganic – non living
2
Organic vs. Inorganic Organic matter Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H) Example – glucose (C6H12O6) Inorganic matter Carbon (C) but no Hydrogen (H) OR Neither Examples – Water (H2O) or Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
3
Minerals of the Earth How can we identify minerals?
4
1. What is a mineral? a. Made of elements b. 90% of minerals made of only 8 common elements of the Earth’s crust c. Most minerals contain Si and O, called silicates (quartz) d. Most are compounds, made of more than one element (halite is Na + Cl)
5
ESRT pg. 1
6
2. What is a mineral? 5 requirements: a. Occurs naturally. b. It is solid. c. Crystalline structure - atoms are arranged in an orderly pattern d. Inorganic (not from living material). e. Unique chemical composition - made of a single element or compound …ie - it is NOT a mixture.
7
3. What does crystalline structure mean? Atoms are arranged in regular geometrical patterns. Examples:
8
4. Physical properties are determined by crystalline structure Structure determines physical properties Example: Hardness of D iamond (hard) vs. Graphite (soft). Both are made of C atoms arranged in different pattern.
9
5. How minerals break depends on the arrangement of its atoms Cleavage vs. Fracture Quartz fractures (strong bonds) Mica cleaves (weak bonds)
10
6. Types of minerals Silicates are most common types of mineral -96% of all minerals compound of 4 Silica around 1 Oxygen Forms silica tetrahedron Quartz, feldspar, mica, horneblend are minerals that are considered silicates.
11
ESRT pg 16 – How many silicates?
12
6. Types of minerals Carbonates contain carbon 1 Carbon + 3 oxygen Calcite, dolomite are carbonates
13
7. How are minerals made? Hardened magma (under the crust) Hardened lava (above the crust) Precipitation in water Evaporation of water From other minerals subjected to heat and pressure
14
Using the 5 requirements, decide whether the following can be minerals. Diamond Water Salt Grass Air
15
ESRT pg. 16 Mineral Guess Who?
16
Minerals of the Earth How can we identify minerals?
17
Tests to identify minerals #1 Color easily identified Not reliable…Why? Minerals come in different colors Different minerals come in similar colors
18
Identification of Minerals #2 Luster - how a mineral reflects light Metallic orNon-metallic
19
Identification of Minerals #3. Streak is the color a mineral makes when in powder form Test is to scratch on porcelain tile
20
Identification of Minerals #4. Hardness Minerals resistance to scratching Moh’s Scale of Hardness
21
Hardness can be compared to common items 1Talcfingernail scratches 3Calcitepenny scratches 5Apatitesteel nail scratches 7Quartzglass scratches 10 DiamondNothing scratches
22
How hard is it? Your fingernail scratches the mineral The mineral scratches the glass plate The mineral does not scratch the glass plate but does scratch the penny
23
Identification of Minerals #5 Cleavage Mineral splits along one or more smooth flat surfaces #6 Fracture Do not show cleavage Rough surface, uneven
24
Identification of Minerals #7 Density #8 Magnetic Magnetite will attract a magnet #9 Acid test Calcite will fizz when acid is applied
25
ESRT pg.16 EXAMPLES Which mineral has a different color in its powdered form than its original form? a) pyriteb) graphite c) kaolinited) magnetite a) PYRITE
26
ESRT pg. 16 Which mineral contains iron, has metallic luster, is hard, and has the same color and streak? a) biotite micab) galena c) kaolinited) magnetite d) MAGNETITE
27
What minerals does your rock sample contain? Describe your rock sample Color? Grain size? Single or multiple minerals? Cleavage or fracture?
Similar presentations
© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc.
All rights reserved.