1. Enlightenment, Romanticism, & Revolution Introduction (Humanities 4)

2. ajgomez@ucsd.edu adamgomez.wordpress.com/teaching/hum4 TA: William Skiles – wskiles@ucsd.edu 2

3. The Age of Enlightenment ~1650~1800 For: – Reason The source of universal truth – Scientific method Empiricism Nature as the source of truth Nature as a reserve of resources to be exploited Nature as a thing to be dominated – Intellectual freedom Freedom to exercise reason Liberal, but not always democratic May or may not entail political freedom – Contract Only consensual agreements are binding 3

4. The Age of Enlightenment Against – Passions Emotions Bigotries – Favorable or unfavorable Appetites – Tradition Authority Customs – Superstition Religious Magical Ritual 4

5. Pico della Mirandola 1463-1494 Italian Renaissance philosopher & mathematician 900 Theses & Oration on the Dignity of Man – 1486 – Manifesto of the Enlightenment 5

6. The Romantic Era ~1780~1850 Against – Aristocracy Political forms Social norms & restrictions, manners – Over-emphasis on rationalism Deadening, mistaken Science & reason not only sources of truth 6

7. The Romantic Era For – Sincerity Be who you are Authenticity Spontaneity Emotion – Love, fear, awe, solidarity The importance of unique individuals – Aesthetics Folk art & customs The experience of beauty – Nature Inherently valuable More important than the social world Beautiful, forceful – New politics Liberal & radical Nationalist 7

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10. Percy Bysshe Shelley 1792-1822 English Poet Atheist Possible inventor of nonviolent resistance Married to Mary Shelley – After leaving Harriet Westbrook 10

11. Lord Byron 1788-1824 English Poet Traveler Celebrity Dies in Greek War of Independence 11