1. IMPERIALISM SOUTH AFRICA

2. THE DUTCH CAPE COLONY 1652 Established 1652 to resupply ships Boers(Dutch for “farmers”) take over Africans’ land & estab. Large farms Boers are also known as Afrikaners – speak a simplified version of Dutch: “Afrikaan” Feel they are racially superior to African people By 1790 pop. 15,000 (10,000 slaves) Fear uprising – force free Africans to carry I.D. passes when leaving work

4. British Cape Colony 1806 South Africa is rich in gold & diamonds 1806 – British capture Cape colony & impose British law on Afrikaners Brit’s continue segregation forcing African peoples to live far from white settlements

5. Diamond Mining

6. The Great Trek 1830-1840 Afrikaners try to escape Brit’s by “trekking” north

7. Shaka Zulu 1787-1828

8. The African Wars Zulus – descendents of Bantu speaking peoples (Shosa, Zulu, Sotho) Boers/Afrikaners come into conflict with Zulus on the Great Trek Zulus led by Shaka – used military strategies (horns of the bull) and disciplined warriors

9. Battle of Blood River 1838 1838 Afrikaners defeat Zulus (spears & shields no match for guns)

10. Conquest of all South Africans complete in late 1880’s Afrikaners pass laws to control movement of Africans and force them to work on white owned farms

11. The Boer War 1899 -1902 Boers resist British with guerrilla tactics & commando raids British burn crops and force women & children into concentration camps (20,000 die) 1 st Total War

13. Union of South Africa 1910 Brits defeat Boers – combine old Cape Colony & Boer republics as self- governing nation Constitution: gives small white minority power (votes/control gov’t.) over large black majority

14. Native Lands Act 1913 Whites enact laws which limit, confine, & exploit black Africans

16. APARTHEID Acts 1948 National policy of racial separation Blacks are forced to move to “reserves” (worthless land) Must carry passbooks (I.D.) Native Lands Act: reserves 90% of land for whites Blacks forbidden in white areas unless working

17. Passbook

19. Soweto

20. Soweto Uprising

21. Peaceful Protest Marchers

23. Soweto Riots

24. Steven Biko Anti-Apartheid and Black Consciousness Leader 1946-1977