1. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 1 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova Module 7 : Shared Workspaces

2. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 2 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova Collaboration Process Groupware informal formal Workflows Bureaucratic processes Collaborative problem solving Video-conferencing Synchronous Text Communication Conversation Shared Context Shared Space ? Audio-conferencing Tangibles, RoomWare

3. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 3 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova informal formal Workflows Bureaucratic processes Collaborative problem solving Video-conferencing Synchronous Text Communication Conversation Shared Context Shared Space ? Audio-conferencing METHODS What do we observe? division of labor quality of interactions grounding task performance user satisfaction How do we analyze ? Visualization (D1) Inferential statistics (D2) Qualitative analysis (D3) METHODS What do we observe? division of labor quality of interactions grounding task performance user satisfaction How do we analyze ? Visualization (D1) Inferential statistics (D2) Qualitative analysis (D3) DESIGN Collaboration Process Groupware

4. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 4 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova informal formal Collaborative problem solving Shared Workspaces Text editors Concept map Workspaces File Repositories Collaboration Process Groupware

5. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 5 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova informal formal Explicit regulation of the control Collaboration Process Groupware Turn Taking FirstCome,FirstServed: Temp. Object locking mechanisms Project Managment Conversation Application Object Granularity Flexibility

6. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 6 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova informal formal Collaboration Process Groupware Turn Taking Coordination AWARENESS Tools Spatial Metaphor Private / public Mutual Modelling Rights User Administration

7. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 7 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova Task Space Reflection Space Discussion Space

8. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 8 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova informal formal Collaboration Process Groupware Grouding Deictics Explain Shared Task Representation CHAT Explain Audio Acknowledge

9. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 9 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova > " Hi colleague > ' Where are you? > ask MS about last night > look gun > ask MS about last gun > read insurance > read all from DN2 > read Hans from DN2 > compare DN1 with DN2 MOO Whiteboard > " skjhkjh dfsdfsf > ask Helmut about last night > ask MS about mona > look painting > read all from DN1 > read Hans from DN1 > compare DN1 with DN1 MOO Whiteboard 20 pairs

10. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 10 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova Restaurant Kitchen Private Bar Room5Room6Room7Room8 Room1Room2Room3Room4 Lobby Entrance MLV Lisa Jones Claire & Rolf Loretan Colonel Von Schneider Lucie SalèveHeidi Zeller Hans Wenger Marie Salève Oscar Salève Jacques Salève Giuzeppe Vesuvio Ski jacket Gun Painting Insurance Note Gun Oylster PhoneLog Registry WHO KILLED MONA-LISA?

11. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 11 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova MOO Auberge Guest Room: 4 You enter a largue blue room with a small window. You see Helmut, Ski Jacket, and Gun here. Obvious Exits: Out (to Lower Corridor). > look gun You see an old Swiss army pistol. > ask helmut about last night I stayed at the bar until 9 Pm and then went to bed. > page sherlock Interesting isn't? Sherlock has received your page. He pages « He lies ». Sherlock joins you.

12. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 12 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova? How does the whiteboard help to ground utterances share solutions

13. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 13 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova

14. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 14 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova

15. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 15 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova

16. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 16 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova Whiteboard roles: envisionning solutions grouding utterances explanatory schema deictics shared memory regulation > " skjhkjh dfsdfsf > ask Helmut about last night > ask MS about mona > look painting > read all from DN1 > read Hans from DN1 > compare DN1 with DN1 MOO Whiteboard

17. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 17 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova The whiteboard is the central space for sharing information (in this task)

18. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 18 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova PersistentNon-Persistent Persistent Non Persistent Display Knowledge Whiteboard MOO dialogues

19. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 19 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova informal formal Workflows Bureaucratic processes Collaborative problem solving Video-conferencing Synchronous Text Communication Shared Understanding Shared Context Shared Task Representation ? Audio-conferencing Collaboration Process Groupware

20. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 20 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova Rate of acknowledgment

21. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 21 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova Levels of Grounding If agent A wants to communicate information X to agent B, A may get different information/feedback about the extent to which B shares X: (Level 1) Access: A can infer that B can (not) access X For instance, in a virtual space, if A knows that B is in room 7 and that information X is available in room 7, then A knows that B can access X. If A knows that X is only available in Room 8, and B is not in room 8, A knows B can’t access X. (Level 2) Perception A can infer that B has (not) perceived X For instance, if A writes a note on the whiteboard and B moves that note, A can infer that B has seen it (and probably read it). Lack of perception is harder to infer, except for cases of lack of access or behaviour that is inconsistent with understanding, when understanding is simple given perception. (Level 3) Understanding A can infer that B has (mis-)understood X For instance, in a virtual space, if A says "let's ask him a few questions" and B moves to the room where "him" is located, then A can infer that B knows who has been referred to as 'him'. If B goes to the wrong room, or asks for repair, A can infer misunderstanding or lack of understanding. (level 4) Agreement A can infer that B (dis-)agrees on X. For instance, if A proposes B goes to room 7 and B goes there, A can infer that B agrees. If A writes a note on the whiteboard and B draws a red cross on the top this note [1], A can infer that B disagrees. [1] Dillenbourg & Tramn

22. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 22 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova Degree of sharedness Acces Visibility Understanding Agreement Facts in whiteboard Facts in talk Inferences in talk Inferences in whiteboard Rate of acknowledgment

23. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 23 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova Grounding varies according to -The medium - The role of this piece of information in problem solving

24. CSCW – Module 7 – Page 24 P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova informal formal Workflows Bureaucratic processes Collaborative problem solving Video-conferencing Synchronous Text Communication Shared Understanding Shared Context Shared Task Representation ? Audio-conferencing Intensive and Specifc Grounding Mechanisms Intensive and Specifc Grounding Mechanisms Collaboration Process Groupware