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My Experiment Color Chromatography
Presented By Kelsey Leigh Campbell Date: 3 October 2012
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What is Chromatography?
Chromatography is a technique for separating mixtures into their components in order to analyze, identify, purify, and/or quantify the mixture or components.
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Uses for Chromatography
Chromatography is used by scientists to Analyze Identify Purify Quantify
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Uses for Chromatography
Real-life examples of uses for chromatography Pharmaceutical Company Hospital Law Enforcement Environmental Agency Manufacturing Plant
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Chromatography Defined
Detailed Definition: Chromatography is a laboratory technique that separates components within a mixture by using the differential affinities of the components for a mobile medium and for a stationary absorbing medium through which they pass
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Chromatography Illustration
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Types of Chromatography
Liquid Chromatography Gas Chromatography Paper Chromatography Thin-Layer Chromatography
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Principles of Paper Chromatography
Capillary Action – the movement of liquid within the spaces of a porous material due to the forces of adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension. Solubility – the degree to which a material (solute) dissolves into a solvent.
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Overview of the Experiment
Purpose To introduce students to the principles and terminology of chromatography and demonstrate separation of the dyes in Sharpies with paper chromatography Time Required Prep Time: 20 minutes Experiment: 45 minutes
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Materials List 6 strips of paper or filter 6 beakers or jars
All strips must be exactly the same size (e.g., 3 cm × 9 cm) Different color Sharpies Volumetric measuring devices Water Isopropanol Pencil Ruler Tape
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Preparation Prepare 15 ml of the following isopropanol solutions in appropriately labeled beakers: 0%, 20%, 50%, 70%, 100% Cut 5 strips of filter paper Draw a line 1 cm above the bottom edge of the strip with the pencil Label each strip with its corresponding solution (color and concentration) Place a spot from each marker (or other dye sample) on your starting line
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Developing the Chromatograms
Place the strips in the beakers Make sure the solution does not come above your start line Keep the beakers covered Let strips develop until the ascending solution front is about 2 cm from the top of the strip Remove the strips and let them dry
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Observing the Chromatograms
Observe how some of the dyes are made up of more than one color Observe how spots of the same color separated in low concentrations of alcohol compared to higher concentrations Observe when spots of different colors first started separating in the different concentrations
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0 % 20 % 50 % 70 % 100 %
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Black and Blue Separations
Black Dye Dyes Separated: black and purple Not soluble in low concentrations of isopropanol Partially soluble in concentrations >20% Blue Dye Dye Separated: blue Not very soluble in low concentrations Completely soluble in high concentrations
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Green and Red Separations
Green Dye Dyes Separated: Blue and Yellow Blue: Soluble in concentrations > 20% Yellow: Soluble in concentrations > 0% Red Dye Dyes Separated: Red and Yellow Yellow: Soluble in low concentrations and less soluble in high concentrations Red: Slightly soluble in low concentrations and more soluble in concentrations > 20%
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Alternative Experiments
Test Different Samples Markers, pens, highlighters Food pigments (Skittles or M&M’s) Test Different Solvents Other alcohols: methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol Test Different Papers Coffee Filters Paper towels Typing Paper
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Questions?!
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References The idea for this experiment came from Scientific Uses for Chromatography Everyday Uses for Chromatography
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