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Gram Positive Bacillus

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Presentation on theme: "Gram Positive Bacillus"— Presentation transcript:

1 Gram Positive Bacillus

2 Medically Important GPR
Bacillus Clostridium Listeria Erysipelothrix Lactobacillus Actinobacteria Streptomyces Proprionibacterineae Corynebacterium Nocardia Mycobacterium

3 Bacillus anthracis Characterisitics Reservoir, zoonotic Virulence GPR
FA Capsule Spore: central endospore Nonmotile Reservoir, zoonotic Hoof stock (sheep, cattle, goats) Fur, hides (textile workers) Soil contaminated with spores Virulence Spore Exotoxin (anthrax toxin) Necrosis Edema Protective Ag

4 Pathogenicity

5 B. anthracis diseases Exposure Dz Inhalation Inoculation
Ingestion meat Dz Gastrointestinal Hemmorhage/death Cutaneous Eschar/toxemia Toxemia/death

6 B. anthracis Cutaneous Anthrax: Eschar

7

8 B. anthracis Dx Tx Prevention Culture/Isolation AB (cipro)
Vaccination (toxoid) Proper disposal Chemical disinfection Burn carcasses

9 B. cereus Characteristics Virulence Dz Aerobic Non-encapsulated Motile
spore Virulence Spores Enterotoxins Hemolysins Lecithinase (pLC) Dz Food poisoning Catheter sepsis Ocular infections

10 B. subtilis Location Nonpathogenic Food spoilage Soil
Decaying organic matter Nonpathogenic Research organism Endospores antibiotics Commercial use Enzyme production Insect toxin Fungicide Food spoilage

11 Clostridium Examples Characteristics C. tetani C. perfringes
C. botulinum Characteristics GPR Obligate anaerobes Motile Spore former (terminal) Exotoxins

12 C. perfringens Membrane disrupting toxin (phospholipids)
Alpha toxin (lecithinase) Rupture RBCs Destroy Tissue Enzymes Collagenase Hyaluronidase DNase CH2O fermentation Gas Exposure Puncture wounds, fractures Surgical Contaminated food Diseases Food poisoning Improper cooking V/D Gas gangrene Anaerobic cellulitis myonecrosis

13 Gas Gangrene Treatment Debride AB Hyperbaric O2

14

15 C. tetani Epidemiology: saphrophyte Soil Dust GI tract Wounds (deep)
Burns Umbilical stump Animal bites A-B neurotoxin (exotoxin) Tetanospasm Blocks release of inhibitory NT Glycine Relaxes opposing muscle Without: both muscle groups contract Tonic Spasms Localized (Lockjaw) Cephalic Generalized Death  respiratory failure

16 C. tetani Dx Treatment Prevention Spores in wound Blood toxin levels
Toxin neutralization test Treatment Antitoxin (HTIg) AB Debride Curare poison paralysis ventilator Prevention Vaccination Toxoid (DPT) Antitoxin

17 Tetanus neonatorum C. tetani Umbilical cord infected
soil, dirt rubbed on stump Dirty instruments

18 C. botulinum Location Soil Water Improper canning GI tracts of animals
Epidemiology Intoxication Food borne Toxin (canned food) Infant Ingestion of endospores Source: honey Wound endospores

19 C. botulinum Pathogenicity A-B neurotoxin botulinum toxin 7 toxins A-G
Type A Proteolytic Heat resistant Type B: both Type E Nonproteolytic Heat labile Bind to neuron prevent ACH from binding at NMJ Flaccid paralysis Descending Death in 3-7 days

20 C. botulinum Dx Tx Prevention Culture/Isolation Symptoms Antitoxin
AB: penicillin Ventilator Prevention Proper food handling Boiling 10 minutes

21 Botox

22 Clostridium difficile
GI source Epidemiology Long term care facilities Chronic AB use Fecal-oral route Pathogenicity Toxins Spores Diseases Colitis pseudomembrane Cecal perforation = fatal

23 Colitis

24 Actinobacteria Suborder Actinomycinae Suborder Propionibacterineae
Suborder Streptomycineae Suborder Corynebacterineae Family Corynebacteriaceae Family Mycobacteriaceae Family Norcariaceae

25 Actinomycosis Actinomycetes Characteristics Diseases Anaerobic
Abscesses Sulfur granules Body cavities Jaw Thoracic Abd/pelvic

26 Proprionibacterineae
GPR Non motile, NSF FA to aerotolerant Catalase (+) Location Skin GI Dairy (cheese) Types P. acnes Body odor Acne Oil glands Acne vulgaris

27 Streptomycineae Streptomyces Aerial hyphae, conidia Obligate aerobes
Location:soil Problems S.C infection Abscess Bone destruction Use AB synthesis

28 Mycobacteriaceae Examples Characteristics Reservoir = humans
M. tuberculosis M. leprae Characteristics AF (mycolic acid) Aerobic Nonmotile, NSF Reservoir = humans Transmission Respiratory droplets

29 M. tuberculosis Pulmonary Nodular scars Calcification
Slow growing TB Pulmonary Nodular scars Calcification T cells and macrophages  CT Tubercle Caseous necrosis Disseminated (consumption) Brain Bone Kidneys GI LN Skin Disease stages Primary Latent Recrudescent

30 M. tuberculosis Virulence factors Dx Tx Mycolic acid Catalase
Decrease phagocytosis Catalase Mycobactin Chelates iron Dx Culture/isolation of sputum Radiography of chest TB skin test (PPD) Tx multi-drug Resistance Research: rDNA vaccine

31 M. Leprae (Hansen’s bacillus)
Slow growing Epidemiology Tropical environments (TX) Not readily communicated Types Tuberculoid Rash with plaques Nerve damage Lepramatous (Leproid) Erythemia nodosum Neuritis Ulceration/bacteremia Skin appendage loss Treatment: AB

32 Corynebacterium coryne = club shaped C. diptheriae Characteristics
Weakly AF Metachromic granules Epidemiology Source: carriers Cutaneous Fomites Respiratory infection Aerosol Pharynx, LN, tonsils Pseudomembrane Pathogenicity Diptheria toxin A-B exotoxin A: Inactivates proteins B: attacks heart, NS Neuraminidase Protease (Dipthin) coryne = club shaped

33 C. diptheria disease Pseudomembrane Complications (toxins)
Pharynx and tonsils MM Nasal Larynx External ear (OM) Conjunctiva Vulvo-vaginal Complications (toxins) Edema Myocarditis Neuritis Cutaneous rash

34 C. diphtheria Dx Tx Antitoxin AB Prevention Vaccination (DPT)
Pseudomembrane Metachromic granules Tx Antitoxin AB Prevention Vaccination (DPT)

35 Nocardia N. asteroids Characteristics Transmission Dz Tx: AB
Saprophyte (soil) Filamentous, branch Weakly AF Transmission immunosuppressed Dz Resp: resemble TB Skin: abscesses Tx: AB

36 Lactobacillales (Lactobacillus)
Characteristics Coccobacillus FA – microaerophilic Lactic acid fermentation Epidemiology Food: meat, dairy, fruit Environment: water Uses Food production Fermented vegetables Beverages: beer, wine, juices Milk products: yogurt, cheese Problems Food spoilage

37 Listeria L. monocytogenes Characteristics Soil, mammal gut
Non caspule, NSF Motile [petrichous flagella] FA Catalase (+) Resist: Cold, pH, temp, salt, bile Transmission Direct: neonate, uterus Vertical Dz Food poisoning (dairy) Skin-> bacteremia-> endocarditis->NS Tx: AB Prevention Cook foods Pasteurize dairy products

38 Food Safety

39 Erysipelothrix E. rhusiopathiae Characteristics Saphrophyte
Nonmotile, NSF microaerophilic Epidemiology Water, sewage Animals Pathogenicity: capsule Transmission: Fecal Disease Macropapular rash Endocarditis Septicemia Tx AB Animal vaccination (pigs)

40 Mycoplasmas Characteristics Examples Diseases Lack cell walls
Pleomorphic (fried egg) NM FA-Obligate anaerobes Examples M. genitalium M. pneumoniae M. hominis Diseases Pneumonia Uritogenital infections

41 Wash your hands!

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