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LABOR FORCE Ch. 12 Notes
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Labor Force Make-Up Made up of: people 16 or older Civilian Uninstitutionalized who want a job or have one Can be in one category in terms of the work force: 1. employed (have a job) 2. unemployed (no job but are looking for one) 3. out of the labor force (choose not to work - laziness, retired, homemaker, disability…)
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Employed or Unemployed? one hour of paid work in the last week ran own business worked 15 or more hours unpaid in a family business only temporarily absent due to illness, weather, strike, or vacation did not work in last week and currently looking and available for work waiting to be called back from a lay off waiting to report to a job within 30 days How to Know you are Employed How to Know you are Unemployed
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Calculating Labor Force Employment Rate = # persons employed ÷ # persons in the labor force Unemployment Rate = # persons unemployed ÷ # persons in the labor force Typical labor force participation = 50% of population Normal rate of Unemployment in US – 5% Current rate of Unemployment in US – 8.5%
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Types Types of Unemployment Frictional: between jobs, first job Structural: job is obsolete Cyclical: lost job due to recession; laid off Discouraged Worker: looked for a job, could not find one, so gave up Types of Unemployment Frictional: between jobs, first job Structural: job is obsolete Cyclical: lost job due to recession; laid off Discouraged Worker: looked for a job, could not find one, so gave up Types of Employment Full Time: 40 hours a week paid; benefits Part Time: less than 40 hours; not getting as many hours to work as you want Seasonal: at specific, brief times of the year Underemployed: does job below skill level Types of Employment Full Time: 40 hours a week paid; benefits Part Time: less than 40 hours; not getting as many hours to work as you want Seasonal: at specific, brief times of the year Underemployed: does job below skill level
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Factors that Influence Wage/Salary education level Experience risk factors Location supply of workers demand for workers or product produced
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Categories of Workers Blue collar which is crafts and manufacturing vs. white collar which is office workers and sales type jobs 4 categories divided by skill and education level Old fashion wayNew way
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NEW Way - Unskilled a) less than high school education b) example is garbage collector c) paid minimum wage d) about 10% of jobs
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NEW Way – Semi-Skilled a) high school degree plus some training b) example receptionist c) earn minimum wage to $10/hour d) about 20% of jobs
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NEW Way - Skilled a) about 2 years of training to earn an associates degree or certification b) example is a computer tech c) earn from $10-50 per hour d) about 50% of jobs
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NEW Way - Professional a) 4 or more years of university to earn at least a bachelor’s degree b) example is accountant, teacher, engineer c) earns $25,000 to $100,000 per year d) about 20% of jobs
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