1. Properties of Materials & Corrosion Eng. Shadi Sawalha

2. Corrosion Definition material or metal deterioration or surface damage in an aggressive environment a chemical or electrochemical oxidation process, in which the metal transfers electrons to the environment and undergoes a valence change from zero to a positive value z. M→ M +z + ze Chemical Engineering Department

3. Corrosion Environments May be a liquid, gas or hybrid soil-liquid Are called electrolytes since they have their own conductivity for electron transfer They may be with positive charge or negative which called cations and anions recpectively Chemical Engineering Department

4. Electrochemical Reactions Anodic Reaction: which is an oxidation reaction and occurs on the anode( electron loss), where anode has a negative pole Cathodic reaction: which is a reduction reaction and occurs on the cathode ( electron gain), where cathode has a positive pole M→ M +z + ze (anodic) M +z + ze → M (cathodic) Chemical Engineering Department

5. Electrochemical cell Chemical Engineering Department

6. Classification of Corrosion General Corrosion: This is the case when the exposed metal/alloy surface area is entirely corroded in an environment such as a liquid electrolyte (chemical solution, liquid metal), gaseous electrolyte (air, etc.), or a hybrid electrolyte (solid and water, biological organisms, etc. Chemical Engineering Department

7. General Corrosion Atmospheric Corrosion on steel tanks, steel containers, Zn parts, Al plates, etc.. Galvanic Corrosion between dissimilar metal/alloys or microstructural phases (pearlitic steels, α−β copper alloys, α−β lead alloys). High-Temperature Corrosion on carburized steels that forms a porous scale of several iron oxide phases. Liquid-Metal Corrosion on stainless steel exposed to a sodium chloride environment. Molten-Salt Corrosion on stainless steels due to molten fluorides LiF, BeF 2 etc.). Biological Corrosion on steel, Cu– alloys, Zn– alloys in seawater. Stray-Current Corrosion on a pipeline near a railroad.

8. Atmospheric corrosion This is a uniform and general attack, in which the entire metal surface area exposed to the corrosive environment is converted into its oxide form, provided that the metallic material has a uniform microstructure. See the following examples: Chemical Engineering Department

9. Aqueous corrosion of iron in sulfuric acid Corrosion of Zn in dilute sulfuric acid solution Chemical Engineering Department

10. Atmospheric corrosion of a steel structure is also a common example of uniform corrosion, which is manifested as a brown-color corrosion layer on the exposed steel surface. This layer is a ferric hydroxide compound known as Rust. The formation of Brown Rust is as follows

11. Chemical Engineering Department In general, the oxidation process can be deduced using a proper Pourbaix diagram, as schematically shown in Figure below. This diagram is a plot of electric potential of a metal as a function of pH of water at 25°C

12. Prevention of Uniform Corrosion 1)material having a uniform microstructure 2)Coating or paint, 3)Inhibitor(s) for retarding or suppressing corrosion. These are classified as adsorption- type hydrogen-evolution poisons, scavengers, oxidizers, and vapor-phase, 4) cathodic protection, which is an electrochemical process for suppressing corrosion in large steel structures. Chemical Engineering Department