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AP Biology Population Ecology population ecosystem community biosphere organism
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AP Biology Life takes place in populations Population group of individuals of same species in same area at same time rely on same resources interact interbreed rely on same resources interact interbreed Population Ecology: What factors affect a population?
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AP Biology Abiotic factors sunlight & temperature precipitation / water soil / nutrients Biotic factors other living organisms prey (food) competitors predators, parasites, disease Adaptations Factors that affect Population Size
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AP Biology Population Range Geographical limitations abiotic & biotic factors temperature, rainfall, food, predators, etc. habitat adaptations to polar biome adaptations to rainforest biome
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AP Biology External Factors Directly affect organisms, populations and communities Affect the availability of resources Organisms must adapt to survive
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AP Biology External Factors Natural disasters affect organisms and resources. Populations are interrelated and affect one another.
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AP Biology Competition When two organisms require the same resource to meet their needs. Competition contributes to limited population growth for biotic factors involved.
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AP Biology Competition Intraspecific competition – organisms of the same species compete for resources. Interspecific competition – occurs between different species for resources within an ecosystem.
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AP Biology Population Size Changes to population size adding & removing individuals from a population birth death immigration emigration
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AP Biology African elephant protected from hunting Whooping crane coming back from near extinction Exponential growth rate Characteristic of populations without limiting factors Conditions that affect the growth rate and size of populations and communities
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AP Biology Logistic rate of growth Can populations continue to grow exponentially? Of course not! no natural controls effect of natural controls
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AP Biology Regulation of population size Limiting factors density dependent competition: food, mates, nesting sites predators, parasites, disease density independent abiotic factors sunlight (energy) temperature rainfall swarming locusts marking territory = competition competition for nesting sites
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AP Biology 500 400 300 200 100 0 2001030504060 Time (days) Number of cladocerans (per 200 ml) The number of individuals in a population that the environment can support. Time (years) 1915192519351945 10 8 6 4 2 0 Number of breeding male fur seals (thousands) Carrying capacity What ’ s going on with the plankton?
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AP Biology Changes in Carrying Capacity Population cycles predator – prey interactions At what population level is the carrying capacity? K K K K
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AP Biology biosphere ecosystem community population Studying organisms in their environment organism
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AP Biology 2007-2008 Any Questions?
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