1. The Renaissance (ca. 1350-1600) The re-birth of European civilization.

2.  In what specific ways was the Renaissance different from the Middle Ages? Question of the Day:

3.  The Middle Ages – ca. 500-1350.  a.k.a., Medieval Times or  The Dark Ages. I. The Middle Ages Roman Empire Middle Ages Renaissance ca. 500-1350ca. 44-500ca. 1350-1600

4.  Chaotic time marked by constant warfare between competing lords.  Most commoners were serfs living on isolated manors.  Serfs worked the land, lords and their knights provided protection. I. The Middle Ages (cont.)

6.  What was limited?  Trade.  Travel.  Education.  Communication with the outside world. I. The Middle Ages (cont.)

7.  The Catholic Church was a very powerful force in people’s daily lives.  Controlled the path to salvation with: 1) sacraments. 2) the threat of ex-communication. I. The Middle Ages (cont.)

8.  3 major events contributed to the end of the Middle Ages:  1) The Crusades (1096-1204).  Led to:  decreased warfare among knights.  increased trade, travel & communication. II. End of the Middle Ages

9.  2) The Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453).  New weapons developed.  Strong kings emerged.  Feudal warfare decreased. II. End of the Middle Ages (cont.)

10.  3) The Black Death (late 1300s),  The bubonic plague killed 25 million people in Europe.  1/3 of the population died within about 50 years. II. End of the Middle Ages (cont.)

11.  Upper Class: Lords and Clergy.  New Middle Class: Merchants & Bankers, Doctors & Lawyers, Skilled Craftsmen & Wealthy peasants.  Lower Class: Serfs. III. The Emerging Middle Class

12.  4 factors contributing to rise of the new Middle Class:  1) Return of a money economy.  2) Growth of towns/trading centers.  3) Wealth based on money.  4) Social mobility. III. The Emerging Middle Class (c0nt.)

13.  New emphasis on education as a path to social mobility.  Explosion of schools & universities.  Johan Gutenberg perfected the printing press in 1455.  Improved access to information. IV. Education & Individual Achievement

14.  New emphasis on individual achievement.  Development of unique talents could lead to social mobility.  People worked to distinguish themselves from the masses. IV. Education & Individual Achievement (cont.)

15.  New emphasis on the cultural arts:  Music.  Drama.  Literature.  Painting & Sculpting.  Architecture. V. Cultural Arts

16.  Middle class townspeople: Money + leisure time = ENTERTAINMENT!  Wealthy people became patrons of the arts & sponsored artists. V. Cultural Arts (cont.)

17. The Duomo ca. 1450 – Filippo Brunelleschi

18. David (1504) – Michelangelo

19. Mona Lisa (1507) – Leonardo da Vinci

20. Romeo and Juliet (1597) – William Shakespeare

21.  In what specific ways was the Renaissance different from the Middle Ages? Question of the Day: