1. Financial Algebra Loans
Introduction

2. Loan - Definitions
Whenever you borrow money, you must sign an agreement, called a PROMISSORY NOTE, which sates the conditions of the loan. Your signature is your promise to pay back the loan as outlined in the agreement.
The amount you borrow is the PRINCIPAL.
The interest rate you pay is given per year and is the ANNUAL PERCENTAGE RATE (APR).

3. Loan - Definitions
The Truth in Lending Act requires that the creditor list the following information of a loan
Principal
APR
Monthly payments
Number of payments
Finance charge
Due dates for each payment
Fees for late payments

4. Loan - Definitions
COSIGNER – This person agrees to pay back the loan if the borrower is unable to do so. People without established credit rating often need a cosigner.
LIFE INSURANCE – A creditor often requires a borrower to have life insurance that will cover the loan in the event the borrower dies before the loan is paid.
PREPAYMENT PRIVILEGE – This feature allows the borrower to make payments before the due date to reduce the amount of interest.

5. Loan - Definitions
PREPAYMENT PENALTY – This agreement requires borrowers to pay a fee if they wish to pay back an entire loan before the due date.
WAGE ASSIGNMENT – This is a voluntary deduction from an employee’s paycheck, used to pay off debts. If a debtor’s employer and the creditor agree, loans can be paid off using this form of electronic transfer.
WAGE GARNISHMENT – This is an involuntary form of wage assignment, often enforced by court order. The employer deducts money from the employee’s paycheck to pay the creditor.

6. Loan - Definitions
BALLOON PAYMENT – The last monthly payment on some loans can be much higher than the previous payments. These high payments are called balloon payments.
LENDING INSTITUTIONS – Organization that extend loans. Lending institutions make profit by charging interest.

7. Lending Institutions
Banks – SAVINGS BANKS offer good interest rates but require loan applicants to have good credit. COMMERCIAL BANKS are banks used by businesses, so they have large amounts of money to lend. They also require a good credit rating.
Credit Unions – A credit union provides financial service for its members only. Members deposit money in a credit union account. This money is made available to members who apply for loans from the credit union, usually at an interest rate that is lower than a bank can offer.

8. Lending Institutions
Consumer Finance Companies (Pay Day Loan)– These businesses primarily lend money to people with poor credit ratings, who cannot get a loan anywhere else. High interest rates are charged for this service.
Life Insurance Companies – Life insurance companies make loans to their policyholders. The amount that can be borrowed is based on the amount of life insurance purchased and the length of time the policy has been held. Interest Rates are low because if the loan is not paid back, it can be deducted from the life insurance benefit when it is paid.

9. Lending Institutions
Pawnshops – Pawnshops are known for small, quick loans. A customer who need money leaves a personal belonging, called COLLATERAL, with the pawn broker in exchange for the loan. Most loans are 30-, 60-, or 90- day loans. When the debtor returns with the principal plus interest, the collateral is returned.
Loan Sharks – Charge extremely high interest rates and do not formally check your credit rating. Loan sharking is illegal.

10. Exercise
Rank the different types of lending institutions based on the interest rate you think you may get from them from lowest to highest.

11. Exercise
Rank the different types of lending institutions based on the interest rate you think you may get from them from lowest to highest.
Lowest – Life Insurance Companies

12. Exercise
Rank the different types of lending institutions based on the interest rate you think you may get from them from lowest to highest.
Lowest – Life Insurance Companies
Credit Unions

13. Exercise
Rank the different types of lending institutions based on the interest rate you think you may get from them from lowest to highest.
Lowest – Life Insurance Companies
Credit Unions
Banks

14. Exercise
Rank the different types of lending institutions based on the interest rate you think you may get from them from lowest to highest.
Lowest – Life Insurance Companies
Credit Unions
Banks
Consumer Finance Companies

15. Exercise
Rank the different types of lending institutions based on the interest rate you think you may get from them from lowest to highest.
Lowest – Life Insurance Companies
Credit Unions
Banks
Consumer Finance Companies
Pawnshops

16. Exercise
Rank the different types of lending institutions based on the interest rate you think you may get from them from lowest to highest.
Lowest – Life Insurance Companies
Credit Unions
Banks
Consumer Finance Companies
Pawnshops
Loan Sharks

17. Exercise
Rank the different types of lending institutions based on the interest rate you think you may get from them from lowest to highest.
Lowest – Life Insurance Companies
Credit Unions
Banks
Consumer Finance Companies
Pawnshops
Loan Sharks
Why?

18. Monthly Payments per $1,000 of Principal

19. Example
What is the monthly payment for a $5,000 two-year loan with an APR of 8.50%?

20. Example
What is the monthly payment for a $5,000 two-year loan with an APR of 7.50%?

21. Example
What is the monthly payment for a $5,000 two-year loan with an APR of 7.50%?

22. Example
What is the monthly payment for a $5,000 two-year loan with an APR of 7.50%?
First find the monthly payment per $1,000

23. Example
What is the monthly payment for a $5,000 two-year loan with an APR of 7.50%?
First find the monthly payment per $1,000

24. Example
What is the monthly payment for a $5,000 two-year loan with an APR of 7.50%?
First find the monthly payment per $1,000
Second, multiply this amount by the number of thousands on the loan.

25. Example
What is the monthly payment for a $5,000 two-year loan with an APR of 7.50%?
First find the monthly payment per $1,000
Second, multiply this amount by the number of thousands on the loan.

26. Example
What is the monthly payment for a $5,000 two-year loan with an APR of 7.50%?
First find the monthly payment per $1,000
Second, multiply this amount by the number of thousands on the loan.

27. Example
What is the monthly payment for a $5,000 two-year loan with an APR of 7.50%?
First find the monthly payment per $1,000
Second, multiply this amount by the number of thousands on the loan.
The required monthly payment is then $225.

28. Assignment Compute the monthly payments for the following loans.
1. 3-year, $8,000 loan at 6.5% APR
2. 2-year, $10,000 loan at 7.0% APR
3. 4-year, $10,000 loan at 7.5% APR
If you were given a choice of either the loan described in #2 or #3, which would you choose? Why?

29. Interest Rate Table