1. Is China’s Africa Policy a Win-Win Strategy? ANGOLA A Chinese guard at a construction site on the outskirts of Luanda. In Africa, Chinese diplomats present themselves as an alternative foreign superpower, without the baggage of colonialism. PHOTOGRAPH BY LUIS DE LAS ALAS CONGO A Chinese farmer and one of his workers at a warehouse in Congo, where a $6 billion infrastructure- for-resource-rights deal has raised eyebrows. PHOTOGRAPH BY LUIS DE LAS ALAS MOZAMBIQUE A Chinese entrepreneur at his logging depot in Beira city. Local activists claim that China has caused the deforestation of 25 percent of central Mozambique. PHOTOGRAPH BY LUIS DE LAS ALAS SUDAN Chinese WORKERS IN FRONT OF THE Merowe Dam, a controversial Nile River project 220 miles north of Khartoum that has already forced at least 50,000 Sudanese to relocate. PHOTOGRAPH BY LUIS DE LAS ALAS

2. China’s Recent Chronology 1949PRC founded 1959-196240 million people starve to death 1966 -1976Cultural Revolution 1960’s – 1980’sFriction with Soviet Union 1971China enters United Nations 1972President Nixon visits 1976Mao dies; end of Cultural Revolution 1977Deng Xiaoping emerges as leader 1978Economic liberalization begins; first agricultural then economic zones 1978Deng visits Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore - impressed 1979Diplomatic relations established with U.S. 1979One-child policy 1986-1990“Open Door” – open to foreign investments 1989Tiananmen Square 1992China and Russia restore friendly ties 1992IMF ranks China as third largest economy (U.S., Japan) 1997Hong Kong reverts to China 2001China joins WTO 2002President Bush visits China 2010China overtakes Japan as second economy

3. China In Africa – Chronology Trade and exchanges since 2nd century BC 600 years ago, (Ming) Admiral Zheng He’s armada lands on Kenya coast. 14th Century: Geographer Zhu Si draws map of Africa (before Europe) 1900 - 60,000 Chinese miners in South African gold field 1960’s-1970’s - Ideological ties to newly independent states –Support “anti-colonialism” –Aid liberation struggles with weapons (case of Zimbabwe) –Goodwill projects: buildings, stadiums, dams, farms, engineers, health workers –Policy to replace Taiwan and block Soviet Influence 1978-80’s - Maintain good relations but focus shifts to China’s own economic development and need to import technology and expertise. 1989 – Most African countries do not condemn Tiananmen Square; new focus on Africa 1990 – Demise of Soviet Union; China needs Africa for diplomatic support Mid 90’s – High level Chinese visits; China begins deals for resource extraction and oil (Sudan) 2000 – First China Africa Cooperative forum (FOCAC) - (Beijing) 2006 – Third FOCAC (Bejing); China pledges to forgive debt and seeks $100 billion annual trade. 48 African states participate.

4. Source: AfriqueAvenir.org

5. Source: Zonu.com

7. China’s FDI and General Activities in Africa Source: DigitalMapStudio.com

13. China African Development Fund - Angola Automobile Industrial Park (Angola) Public Housing (Angola) 215,000 units Public Utilities (water, drainage, roads, town infrastructure Roads (2,000 km – Angola) Rail (3,000 km – Angola) New International Airport (Luanda) Hydro Electric – Kwanza River Industrial Zones – Luanda Logistics Center (Luanda, Benguela, Namibia) Luanda Admin Complex (Presidential Palace, Parliament House, Supreme Court, Conference Center, Ministries) New City 25 km - Luanda 780 km