1. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE CARPE DIEM WP 7: FMI Progress Report Jarmo Koistinen, Heikki Pohjola Finnish Meteorological Institute

2. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE ·Area 1/WP3: Development of a variational assimilation scheme for doppler winds (FMI + SMHI, responsible persons at FMI Heikki Järvinen, Kirsti Salonen) ·Area 2/WP7: Advanced surface precipitation estimate from radars and a NWP model (HIRLAM) (Jarmo Koistinen, Heikki Pohjola) ·Objective: Improve the accuracy and quality of operational real time precipitation measurements

3. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE WP 7.3 Vertical reflectivity profile correction applying radars and NWP ·New order: 7.3 started first and continues during the whole 36 months. WPs 7.1-7.2 started later and feed 7.3. ·Operational method has been created and validated (preliminary presentations at ERAD and AMS Radar Conferences, Heikki’s MSc), a final paper should be written. Remaining problem: OP i.e. WP 7.2. ·Results applied in the GPM-project validation planning

4. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Measured vertical profile of reflectivity 7 C-band radars every 15 minutes layer thickness 200 m range 2 - 40 km max bin count 5000 / layer

5. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Statistics of VPR from March 2001 to August 2003 (556 471 profiles)

6. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE Climatological profiles based on precipitation profiles March 2001 to August 2003

7. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) VPR correction

8. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Yearly average VPR correction

9. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Validation of the VPR correction with overlapping radars Measurement area 5 – 15 km 1.Precipitation profile measured at Radar 2 2.> 50 measurement bins in the same location diagnosed as precipitation (max. 10020) 3.Difference in those bins (Rad 2 – Rad 1) tells under/over estimation at the distance Rad 2 4.Average bias and standard deviation calculated for distances 141 km, 180 km, 193 km, 198 km and 219 km.

10. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE Radar pair Anjalankoski-Vantaa (Vantaa- Anjalankoski) Feb – May 2003, distance 141 km

11. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE Radar pair Korppoo-Vantaa (Vantaa-Korppoo) Feb – May 2003, distance 180 km

12. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE Radar pair Ikaalinen-Vantaa (Vantaa-Ikaalinen) Feb – May 2003, distance 193 km

13. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE Radar pair Ikaalinen-Korppoo (Korppoo-Ikaalinen) Feb – May 2003, distance 198 km

14. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE Radar pair Kuopio-Utajärvi (Utajärvi-Kuopio) Feb – May 2003, distance 219 km

15. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE Radar pair Vantaa-Ikaalinen (Ikaalinen-Vantaa) Jun – Aug 2003, distance 193 km Calibration difference on Vantaa (+ 2-3 dB) and lowest elavation angle 0.8 instead of 0.4 on Ikaalinen because of technical reason (-2 dB)

16. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE Correction with different measurement angles Snow profileRain profile with bright band 2 dB

17. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE Nordrad Quality Assurance project Calibration difference for radar pair Vantaa Ikaalinen, period Jun – Aug 2003

18. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE WP 7.1: Attenuation correction based on 3D water phase diagnosis from NWP model quantities Deliverables: " Large attenuation statistics for rain-only (assumed in most existing radar systems) and variable water phase statistics " Improvement in surface precipitation " Overestimation of attenuation in hail avoided by applying a hail algorithm

19. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE Calculation of attenuation ·Simple one: all precipitation is liquid, k(dB/km)=1.12*10 -4 Z e 0.62 ·Advanced one: freezing level height fixed at each radar, obtained from NWP and VPR, attenuation calculated separately in each water phase layer ·We are testing Doppler data from elevation angle 90 degrees in the polar volume scans to improve the radar-based detection of freezing level ·Formula: rain (see above), dry snow (in Battan), bright band ?

20. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE WP 7.2 Elimination of overhanging precipitation (OP) from surface estimates Altostratus: present in 15 % of all VPR in Finland in 2001

21. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE Diagnosis of OP in the network ·Apply precipitation base height field from the radar network ·Apply (an idea so far): nowcast movement of theVPR, measured above the radars with the analysed motion vector field (operationally available) ·Apply precipitating layers from NWP. First step: compare model profiles from HIRLAM with VPR from radars. Available quantities e.g. RH, and cloud condensate mixing ratio.

22. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE Example of OP case 9.3. 2002 02 UTC

23. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 9.3. 2002 03 UTC

24. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 9.3. 2002 04 UTC

25. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 9.3. 2003 05 UTC

26. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 9.3. 2003 06 UTC

27. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 9.3. 2003 07 UTC

28. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Overhanging precipitation 9.3. 2002 at Anjalankoski radar

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47. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE HIRLAM model relative humidity 09.03. 2003

48. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE HIRLAM model freezing level height 21.8. 2003 17 UTC

49. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) 24 h accumulated precipitation Nov 8, 2002, 23 UTC No VPR correction

50. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) 24 h accumulated precipitation Nov 7, 2002, 14 UTC No VPR correctionWith VPR correction

51. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) 24 h accumulated precipitation Dec 21, 2002, 21 UTC No VPR correction

52. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) VPR correction in the network

53. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2) Time averaging of the single radar VPR correction

54. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE Radar pair Anjalankoski-Kuopio (Kuopio- Anjalankoski) Feb – May 2003, distance 219 km

55. 11/09/2015FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE 1(2)