1. Chapter #10

2.  Prejudice does not always lead to discrimination ( the actual actions that lead to serious and sometimes deadly consequences for a minority)  A person may be prejudiced but keep their prejudices to themselves.

3.  1) Verbal Rejection: takes the form of talking with friends, or occasionally strangers, about personal prejudices and exchanging jokes about other groups. If the individual verbalizes and hears enough of this kind of talk, a mild prejudice can intensify, leading to avoidance

4.  2) Avoidance: where the individual shuns contact with the group  3) Discrimination: where the individual will not hire members of a minority, or campaigns to exclude them from living in the neighbourhood, joining clubs. This can lead to violence  4) Semiviolence or violence: where racist slogans are spray painted on walls the minority’s property are vandalized, or minority members are intimidated, or attacked by groups of the prejudiced.

5.  5) Extermination: where the government allows murder to occur by gangs of prejudiced citizens, or, has happened several times in the 20 th century, launches a genocide against the minority.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uOJQQlA LshU&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uOJQQlA LshU&feature=related  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMyYOyjr -5o&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMyYOyjr -5o&feature=related

7.  1) Socialization: We can be socialized to be prejudiced by the attitudes of our parents. These may be rejected  2) In-Groups/Out-Groups: In-group tendencies can become prejudicial in nature when we identify too strongly with a particular group or mix infrequently with other groups ( example = older people with younger people)

8.  3) Conformity: We develop prejudices against others because of a desire to conform to the beliefs of people we associate with who are prejudiced ▪ Ie. Racial joke is told. Someone in the group is uneasy about laughing, but everyone else is. This person might let the remark pass or join in the laughter. The reason we do this is because our desire to be liked and accepted by others is, stronger than our dislike for the prejudice being expressed.

9.  4) Scapegoating: Psychologists consider how an individual’s inner emotions can cause prejudice. Psychological experiments have proven that frustration can provoke hostility and aggression. ▪ Redirection of frustration from the real source to an imaginary one is called scapegoating. Losing a job and blaming a minority group rather then the climate of the economy ▪ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHBByTGALFg&feature=rela ted http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHBByTGALFg&feature=rela ted ▪ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LiH71VXHu7w&feature=relate d http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LiH71VXHu7w&feature=relate d

10.  5) Feelings of inferiority: Some people achieve self-esteem through work, volunteering. While others may boost their self-esteem by feeling superior to another group they perceive as being lower on the social ladder. A minority group or person who is poor is a target ▪ A man unsure or confused about his masculinity might be prejudiced against women who are non-traditional in their job choice or lifestyle

11.  6) Authoritarian Personality: Look at Nazi Germany during the 30’s and 40’s ▪ Hitler ▪ Stalin ▪ Rwanda