1. Bruce W. Church July 27, 2011 THE JOHN WAYNE MYTH- “THAT EXPOSURE TO RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT DURING THE FILMING OF THE CONQUEROR CAUSED HIS DEATH FROM CANCER” and OTHER TALES

3. Location of the Conqueror

4. BEHAVIOR OF FALLOUT Energy or Yield Design of the weapon/device Height of the Explosion Nature of surface beneath point of burst. Meteorological conditions: Height of Tropopause, Temperature, Precipitation, Wind speed, Wind Direction, Wind shear. – The tropopause is the atmospheric boundary between the troposphere (~6.8 mi., or ~12 km) and the stratosphere.

5. Fallout Atmospheric Transport Model

6. Dixie 11kt, 6 April, 53 HOB 6020 ft.

7. Encore 26 kt, 8 May 53-HOB 2400 ft.

8. Grable 15 kt, 25 May 53-HOB 524 ft.

9. Test Parameters for Selected Atmospheric Tests NameLocationType of TestDateYieldHeight of Burst (ft) Cloud Top (kft) Height of Tropopause (kft) X-RayEniwetakTower14-Apr-4837 kt20056 BakerNevadaAir drop28-Jan-518 kt10803532 EasyNevadaAir drop2-Jan-511 kt10801235 AnnieNevadaTower17-Mar-5316 kt3004136 DixieNevadaAir drop6-Apr-5311 kt60204336 SimonNevadaTower25-Apr-5343 kt3004538 HarryNevadaTower19-May-5332 kt3004342 BravoBikiniSurface28-Feb-5415 MtSurface11455 HornetNevadaTower12-Mar-554 kt3003538 Apple-2NevadaTower5-May-5529 kt5004341 LassenNevadaBalloon 6 May 570.5 ton500743 HoodNevadaBalloon5-Jul-5774 kt15004853 JohnNevadaRocket19-Jul-57~2 kt20,0004448 SmokyNevadaTower31-Aug-5744 kt7003835 YuccaNear EniwetakBalloon28-Apr-581.7 kt86,00053 TeakJohnston Island Rocket1-Aug-58Megaton Range 252,000 OrangeJohnston Island Rocket12-Aug-58Megaton Range 141,000 Argus ISouth AtlanticRocket27-Aug-581-2 kt~300 miles RussianNovaya Zemlya Probably a Rocket 30-Oct-6158 Mt12,000

10. Radioactive DECAY Rule of Thumb for Fallout 7 hour rule: At 7 hours after detonation the fission product activity will have decreased to about 1/10 (10%) of its amount at 1 hour. At about 2 days (49 hours-7X7) the activity will have decreased to 1% of the 1-hour value! At about 1 year (8760 hours) the radioactivity will have decreased to about 0.01% of the 1-hour value!

11. ANNIE (Operation Upshot-Knothole) – 16 kt - March 17, 1953 Height of Burst - 300 feet - tower

12. OPERATION UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE, ANNIE Event, March 17, 1953. Fallout pattern 1956.

13. HARRY (Operation Upshot-Knothole) – 32 kt - May 19, 1953--- Height of Burst - 300 feet - tower

14. OPERATION UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE, HARRY Event, May 19, 1953. Fallout pattern reanalyzed by Weather Service Nuclear Support Office in 1980.

15. OPERATION UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE, HARRY Event, May 19, 1953. Fallout particle path shown by heavy line with arrowheads.

17. Conqueror filming & monitoring Locations

18. The Conqueror - Portable Instrument Readings along Hiway 18 running along the East side of Snow Canyon DateMiles from the Center of St. George Miles from Juntion of US 91 & UT 18 Hours since H-HourNet mR/hr MX-5/T1B 19-May-53Center of St. George-1.110.83100 19-May-53Junction of US-91 & UT-18010.9790 19-May-533 mi. N. of Junt.311.0390 19-May-538 mi. N. of Junt.811.12110 19-May-5313 mi. N. of Junt.1311.2590 19-May-5316 mi. N. of Junt. (Veyo)1611.3875 19-May-5318 mi. N. of Junt.1811.3350 13-May-541.1 mi. N. of Junt.1.186160.05 "3.2 86160.02 "5.1 86160.03 "7.1 86160.1 "7.6 86160.07 "9.1 86160.1 "10.8 86160.07 "12.7 86160.1 "15.2 86160.05 "16.7 (Veyo)16.786160 "17.5 86160.02

20. The Radiological Facts Fallout occurred in the Snow Canyon area from the Annie event (16 kt) March 17, 1953 & the Harry event (32 kt) May 19, 1953! Data collected in the vicinity of Snow Canyon in May of 1954 indicates the radiation levels were essentially background!

21. The John Wayne myth – a few facts! Conqueror filmed in Snow Canyon May-Aug. 1954! Conqueror filmed in Snow Canyon May-Aug. 1954! There was NO nuclear weapons testing in Nevada in 1954! There was NO nuclear weapons testing in Nevada in 1954! Dick Powell, Pedro Armendariz, Agnes Moorehead, Susan Hayward all dead by 1975. JOHN WAYNE diagnosed w/ lung cancer Sept., 1964, died from stomach cancer 1979! Dick Powell, Pedro Armendariz, Agnes Moorehead, Susan Hayward all dead by 1975. JOHN WAYNE diagnosed w/ lung cancer Sept., 1964, died from stomach cancer 1979! All heavy smokers, John Wayne smoked 5 packs a day! All heavy smokers, John Wayne smoked 5 packs a day! People Magazine stated in an article on Nov. 10, 1980 that “Of The Conqueror's 220 cast & crew members from Hollywood, an astonishing 91 have contracted cancer.” There was NO mention of smoking! People Magazine stated in an article on Nov. 10, 1980 that “Of The Conqueror's 220 cast & crew members from Hollywood, an astonishing 91 have contracted cancer.” There was NO mention of smoking! The National Cancer Institute states that “the overall incidence of being diagnosed with cancer in a person's lifetime is about 40%.” Thus in a cohort of 220 people, 88 would be diagnosed with cancer at some point! At 91 this would be within the expected range. The National Cancer Institute states that “the overall incidence of being diagnosed with cancer in a person's lifetime is about 40%.” Thus in a cohort of 220 people, 88 would be diagnosed with cancer at some point! At 91 this would be within the expected range.

22. THE MYTH OF A CONNECTION BETWEEN JOHN WAYNE AND RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT IS: JUST A MYTH !!!!

23. MYTHS & OTHER TALES ABOUT FALLOUT Fallout appearing & eaten as snow? Exposure to Fallout causing acute hair loss? High School Reunions held at the Cemetery! Exposure to Fallout causing cancer epidemic in Southern Utah?

25. Fallout appearing as SNOW! “American Ground Zero”-by Carole Gallagher quotes a woman who says: “After a Bomb, there (it) would be the fallout, fine like flour, kind of grayish white. We would play like that was our snow.” St. George Town Meeting-1979. Stories were told about children eating fallout debris thinking it was snow. Daniel Miles interviewed >30 people who experienced all the fallout episodes in St. George 1951-1958. No one including him recalls episodes of visible fallout. No photograph of fallout snow has ever surfaced. No column in the Washington county News ever mentioned visible fallout.

26. Exposure to Fallout causes loss of hair! Acute exposure of 2-300 rad will cause temporary loss of hair & takes about 2 weeks to occur! The St. George area received about 4 rad exposure. The most celebrated person (Joann Workman) claims that this occurred within a few hours of observing the detonation of the Harry event. Joann was a neighbor of Dan Miles who observed that she had all her hair during the summer of 1953 & that 5 year book pictures attested to the fact she had it all during 1954. She did lose her hair 20 years later due to Chemotherapy. I met up with Joann Workman on the set of a live TV talk show in San Francisco in about 1984 while debating H.G. Fuller (The Day We Bombed Utah)!

27. Michelle Thomas – “We hold our class reunions at the cemetery”

28. CLASS REUNIONS HELD AT THE CEMETERY Michelle Thomas (Dixie HS) claims that her class reunions are held at the cemetery! Daniel Miles* called 50 people in Michelle’s high school class and “NONE could recall a classmate dying from cancer and they just laughed at the suggestion that they held reunions at the cemetery!” Preston Truman (Enterprise HS) claims that he is the only one of 9 friends to reach their 28 th Birthday. And that reunions were held at the cemetery. Lee Bracken, Enterprise Mayor, Truman’s classmate, neighbor & co-chair of the 2004 reunions for the classes 1968,69 & 70 states: “NO MEMBERS OF THESE CLASSES HAVE DIED FROM CANCER OR LEUKEMIA.” * Personal Communication 16 March 2010

29. (Biggest myth of all is....) Fallout causes cancer EPIDEMIC! Jan. 24,1978-U.S. House Subcommittee on Health and the Environment began hearings as a result of media attention to claims (1976) by Paul Cooper that his Leukemia was caused by exposure received during Military maneuvers at the NTS. Acting on a press story by the CDC in trying to find veterans who were exposed to radiation Vonda McKinny a J.P. Navajo Co., AZ, whose husband died of Leukemia while working in Fredonia, AZ was able to get 2 AZ lawyers interested in the “fallout victims.” Fall of 1978-Stewart Udall, with a team of lawyers comes to St. George to drum up clients for a lawsuit. Much press attention given and town meetings held. Spring of 1979 Utah Senator Orrin Hatch held a special town meeting in St. George. Collecting testimonies & anecdotes about children playing in the snow, hair loss, skin burns, hemorrhages and cancer. Magazines, newspapers & TV news shows picked up the downwinder's story. The Utah press has given the issue extensive coverage. The SLC “Deseret News” have featured the downwinders 265 times in the last 10 yrs.

30. (Biggest myth of all is....) Fallout causes cancer EPIDEMIC! Continued August 30, 1979 the AZ attorneys filed a suit in U.S. District Court in SLC. During 1979, John Wayne died, Three Mile Island accident occurred & the movie “China Syndrome was released. These events fueled the public interest and many congressional hearings were held. The downwinder trial (Allen et al. v the U.S.- 1200 plaintiffs) began Sep. 20, 1982.

31. (Biggest myth of all is....) Fallout causes cancer EPIDEMIC! Continued Press coverage was expanded to include a number of books being published:  “Killing Our Own” by Wasserman, & Solomon, 1982.  “The Day We Bombed Utah” by Fuller, 1984.  “Under The Cloud: The Decades of Nuclear Testing.”, Miller 1986.  “Justice Downwind: America's Atomic Testing Program in the 1950s.” Ball 1986.  “Fallout: An American Nuclear Tragedy.” Fradkin 1989.  “American Ground Zero.” Gallagher 1993. Spring of 1990 – Hatch passes RECA (Radiation Exposure Compensation Act)

32. YearUtahUSAlabAlasArizArkCalifColoConnDelaWash DCFlorGeoHawIda 1969148.2198.6179.8181.9184.8178.2194.3167.3210.1207.8238.9191.7176.6183.2165.4 1970148.9198.8178.0173.9177.8177.3196.9163.6206.1217.7246.1192.6179.8168.8167.3 1971144.9198.9184.4218.7185.0180.3195.8167.7204.6217.0253.4191.6180.2170.2169.3 1972145.1200.4188.0212.2170.1180.4196.3165.6209.5211.2243.1197.6180.9188.3167.3 1973147.0198.7185.6194.1174.2184.9193.3164.6209.8219.5251.5192.7180.5180.8165.3 1974152.5199.9188.0166.7175.6196.7198.4170.2214.6246.2252.5194.9182.0 169.9 1975146.7199.1188.0189.0178.1184.2198.4168.9217.1210.1259.6193.0179.9171.9172.6 1976155.4202.3189.5189.3185.5187.6200.3167.1213.4213.6256.2197.7184.4165.9177.5 1977154.1203.0193.5197.9178.4184.1201.4172.6216.9222.7265.6197.3187.3190.8170.8 1978154.3204.4196.5198.9184.9188.6203.9170.9211.3238.0261.2201.0193.0168.2168.5 1979149.2204.5198.8232.9183.8192.1201.8178.5215.3223.1273.0199.8189.4173.3169.8 1980153.6207.0205.5217.4190.0195.3204.1175.8222.7224.4275.2201.9196.0174.7174.8 1981153.6206.4208.8202.0188.2200.2204.2174.9209.6246.5280.1199.5199.4180.6176.7 1982154.8208.3207.6227.1188.4199.7209.0175.5210.9236.1266.8202.2201.1174.7176.4 1983151.6209.2208.7219.7190.6207.5205.8173.1215.9233.5260.4203.2202.8173.2181.5 1984154.6210.9216.8224.4191.2203.9209.6180.8212.7232.6265.3204.2210.0177.3184.3 1985146.6211.3216.2204.3193.2208.1208.7170.9215.8236.8271.8205.6212.9181.2172.1 1986153.7211.8218.6235.2193.7207.7208.1180.6214.3238.9285.0203.5214.0171.9188.0 1987153.8211.9219.8211.5195.9215.2207.9179.1213.0239.0279.5204.2214.7167.2181.5 1988154.6212.6220.2219.6193.3217.9205.4178.2209.1244.6277.9205.1217.3174.4183.3 1989163.5214.3221.0217.5192.4219.4203.3184.5215.8238.6292.8207.6218.2172.6187.8 1990152.0214.9219.4214.3197.0224.2202.9189.5204.0245.0268.1209.8212.3173.6191.6 1991162.4215.1219.5220.5199.2217.8203.9194.5208.3239.4272.5207.7217.1169.1182.5 1992157.4213.5221.7222.5197.1223.3199.9178.8208.5238.5268.9206.5214.9174.8187.0 1993158.5213.4219.6225.0194.7224.5200.0185.5203.3240.9257.6205.8218.2168.2188.4 1994155.6211.7222.8216.3191.2219.5198.9182.8203.6237.9278.5204.5214.0166.2180.7 1995153.4209.9219.7204.7183.9221.6195.3179.2199.7232.1267.2203.1215.4170.2191.4 1996147.1207.0219.0221.9183.9215.8190.5180.1200.1234.3250.6199.1204.4164.4184.8 1997146.8203.6217.8196.3179.4216.0189.7175.0197.4225.5245.9196.5209.1158.9176.7 1998158.7200.8217.0200.3174.0210.4183.5175.0194.3217.5246.4192.2205.2164.7184.5 1999155.9200.7210.8193.8179.8213.9185.1171.8190.6223.5241.5189.9202.9156.6186.5 2000150.3198.6214.6208.2176.4209.7181.2169.3188.4201.9238.3190.0206.1154.7179.3 2001144.3195.7212.0196.2173.4208.3179.4170.9186.7219.8236.5186.6203.2155.8171.8 2002144.4193.5207.3190.8172.5212.5175.9173.5185.7194.5230.9183.0200.7144.9171.3 UTAH CANCER DEATH RATES vs US & OTHER SELECTED STATES – 1969-2002

36. Map of Washington County, Utah, and total outdoor exposure (Roentgens) at selected locations. Leukemia Study

37. Statement on Cancer and Radiation Dose by the Council of Scientific Society Presidents – Wingspread Conference 1997, Racine, WI  “A substantial body of scientific evidence demonstrates statistically significant increases in cancer incidence for acute whole-body exposures of adults to ionizing radiation at doses of about 10 rem and greater.”

38. Health Physics Society Position on Risk of Cancer resulting from Exposure to Ionizing Radiation - Apr.,1999

39. BEIR VII (2005) Lifetime Risk Model Prediction (using the LNT model) Committee predicts that ~ 1 person/100 would develop cancer from an exposure to 10 rem above background. While approximately 42 of the 100 persons would be expected to develop cancer from other causes.

40. A Summary of the Facts Radiation Doses in So. Utah are too low to support a increase in cancer that is measurable. Dr. Charles R. Smart, chief of surgery atLDS Hospital, has tracked the incidence of cancer since 1966 when he founded the Utah Cancer Registry. He testified at the Allen trial (1982) that he had not found excessive cases among Utahans that diseases were induced by exposure to fallout. A review of NCI data shows that Utah has had the lowest cancer fatality rate of all the states in the U.S. for the last 60 years. Washington County is among the lowest counties in the State of Utah for Cancer Fatality rate. Ranked in 2001 22/26 w/26 being the lowest rate in the State. NO Utah politician has ever questioned the alleged horror from radioactive fallout!

41. The drumbeat goes on!

42. THE END Time to stop the presentation and take questions!

45. Conqueror filming & monitoring Locations

46. Factors Considered to Minimize Dose From Fallout! “The physical parameters & meteorological conditions DISCUSSED are controlled to the extent possible to maximize the radiological safety principles below”: TIME – e.g., wind speed, HOB, Half Life DISTANCE – e.g., wind direction SHIELDING – e.g., shelter etc.

48. TOTAL MEGATONNAGES EXPENDED IN NUCLEAR TESTS, 1945- 1996 AtmosphereUndergroundTotal USA14138179 Soviet Union24738285 UK80.98.9 France10414 China21.91.523.4 Pakistan(2 tests) India(3 tests) TOTAL427.982.4510.3

49. Half-Life

50. Cancer Mortality in the United States Changing patterns for 11 Major Cancers in U.S. Males, 1950-91 Death Rates for Males, per 100,000, for 11 Sites, 1950-91, Age-adjusted to 1970 U.S. Standard

51. Percentages of cancer deaths attributed to various factors

52. Dose Ranges 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 0.1 0. 2 0.3 0. 4 0. 5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0. 9 10 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.0 6 0.0 7 0.08 0.0 9 0.1 ( mSievert) 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 Cancer Radiotherapy Experimental Radiobiology Cancer Epidemiology DOE Low Dose Program Medical Diagnostics Regulatory Standards Total Body TherapyTotal Tumor Dose A-bomb survivors Significant cancer risk at > 200 mSv (UNSCEAR) Human LD50 Typical mission dose on Int. Space Station Typical annual dose for commercial airline flight crews Bone (Tc- 99m )Thyroid (I- 123 ) Chest X-ray Dental X-ray ICRP Negligible Dose NRC Dose Limit for Public Natural background Site Decommissioning/License Termination 3-Mile Island Ave Ind Occupational Limit NRC, EPA EPA Clean-up StandardsNRC Clean-up Standards

53. Gamma decay curves from seven tests from Operation Plumbbob. This slide shows that nuclear decay generally follows the basic decay curve t -1.2. Fallout Decay Curves