1. HIBISCUS General Objective
Impact of tropical convection on the stratosphere at global scale
Specific objectives :
Past and present meteorological analyses
Vertical and horizontal transport
Clouds and microphysics
Source of stratospheric water vapour
Chemistry, impact of lightning and pollution
Satellite validation
5th EC framework programme ( )

2. Scientific objectives
HIBISCUS is to study the impact of tropical convection on the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) at meso- and global scale
Stratosphere
Troposphere
TTL
Cold
point
Summer
Tropopause
Tracers for Convection and vertical transport
H2O and dehydration mechanisms in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL)
Aerosols, sub-visible cirrus clouds microphysics and radiative impact
Chemistry : impact of lifted short lived species, clouds, NOx from thunderstorms, impact on ozone.
Meso-scale and small scale horizontal and vertical waves
Testing of meteorological models (temperature, winds)
Global scale meridional transport through the tropical barrier
Satellite data validation (ESA-Envisat, NASA - Sage III) and interpretation
Meso-scale (typ. 500 km) : small short duration balloon flights for high resolution in the TTL
Global scale : long duration balloon flights around the world (MIR and BPS)

3. Convection at the Tropics in SH summer
Maritime Continent
SPCZ
SACZ
ITCZ Eq
Satellite Image composite
25 March 2004
OSCAR
FAY
12.4/yr
9.9/yr
6.4/yr
Hurricane Season Dec-April: SW Indian NE Indian W Pacific

4. Long duration constant level flights at 18/19 km in LS:
HIBISCUS Global scale
Long duration constant level flights at 18/19 km in LS:
Met models, gravity / inertia waves, O3, H2O
Long duration MIR flights: ozone, NOx, H2O, clouds,
6 to 25 km
ENVISAT- GOMOS: O3, NO2, H2O, T, km
ODIN-SMR : O3, N2O, H2O, HDO, H2O isotopes,
15-50 km
Other satellite instruments, SHADOZ ozonesondes
REPROBUS, TOMCAT, LMDz photochemical models
MIMOSA PV contour advection
(Preliminary flight tests in 2001 and 2003)

5. Global scale : Stratospheric super-pressure balloons (BPS)
Constant density level
60 or 80 hPa ; 10 m or 8.5 m diameter
20 to 30 kg at hook
LMD Rumba gondola : in situ P,T, wind, 3D location every 15 minutes
6 HIBISCUS flights with UCAM O3/H2O (x 3) or LMD Turbulence (x 3)
BP D1, Feb 29th 2004

6. Stratospheric super-pressure balloons (BPS)
Height flights at 80 and 60 hPa
P, T, GPS loc and alt
Launch dates :
from Feb 06th to March 11th 2004
Flight durations : up to 79 days
observation points
Bauru
Courtesy : A. Hertzog

7. Infra-red Montgolfier (MIR)
MIR-SAOZ #1, Feb 04th 2004 m3
~ 60kg at hook
Day/night excursion : 28 km/20-22 km
Remote sensing in the UT/LS
SA SAOZ Vis-near IR spectrometer : chemistry, clouds, H2O (x 2)
ENEA Micro-lidar : clouds (x 1)
IR radiometer
CNES Inmarsat gondola (TM,TC)
MIR-SAOZ #2
Launch : Feb 26th, 2004
39 days
70 profiles
MIR µ-Lidar
Launch : March 10th, 2004
7 days
Cirrus and Anvils

8. Satellites and sondes at 22±5°S in February 2003
Mean profile Difference with SAOZ Variability
Bias and alt. registration Precision
Satellites: - Excellent coverage in stratosphere
(accuracy dependent on technique)
- Little reliable in tropical troposphere

9. Ozone at 20°S MIR SAOZ March 2001 % deviation from zonal mean
Walker Circulation (Newel 1979)
Minima in TTL over convective areas, particularly maritime (O3 destruction at surface level over Ocean), Maxima over subsident regions (meridional horizontal transport)
Ozone distribution mainly controlled by transport (quasi-horizontalfrom mid-latitude and vertical by convection

10. % deviation from zonal mean
NO2 MIR-SAOZ °S
% deviation from zonal mean
Maximum in UT over continental convection (200 ppt)
Minimum over Maritime areas (60 ppt)

11. SAOZ H2O
590, 760, 940 nm
(2004 only)

12. GOMOS
First H2O profiles

13. ODIN SMR
O3, N2O
H2O, H2O isotopes

14. HIBISCUS Global scale BP data archived
MIR SAOZ / µlidar, radiometer data almost fully processed (already partly archived)
Preliminary GOMOS O3, NO2 (nighttime), H2O, T, and clouds
ODIN SMR + ODIN OSIRIS also available
MIMOSA PV (5 K, 6 h) available
REPROBUS CTM available, new run 3h steps in progress
TOMCAT, LMDz, MIMOSA-chem, very soon
Analysis and discussion at further workshop in Europe in early 2005