1. Environmental Science Unit 2 Sections 3-1 to 3-3, Fall 2010

2. Bell-Work  Describe several biotic and abiotic factors in your life  Describe two ways microbes influence your life.  In your own words, describe a species.

3. Bell-Work Conversions  Convert the following:  1.45 x 10 5 J/s  Kj/Min  2.45 x 10 2 Kcal/m2 -> Kcal/km 2  37 g/day -> kg/year

4. Cell Theory  All living things are made of cells  All cells come from other cells  Cells are the building blocks of life  Two different types  Prokaryotic  Eukaryotic

5. Ecology  Comes from the Greek word oikos meaning “house”  The study of how organisms interact with one another and their abiotic (non-living) environment.  We focus on organisms and up.

6. Biological Species Concept  A species is a related group of organisms whose members can freely interbreed, in nature… Proboscis Monkey Thompson’s Gazelle Parrot Mushroom

7. Population  A group of organisms of the same species occupying a given area. Variation in a population is called genetic diversity Field of Poppies

8. Other Populations

9. Community  A community is defined as a group of interacting species living in the same place.

10. Ecosystem  All the biotic and abiotic factors in an area working together.  Biotic – Living things  Abiotic – Non-living things

11. Biosphere – The Earth

12. Atmosphere  Thin envelope of gases surrounding Earth’s surface.  Troposphere – extends ~17 km up, “weather” producing region of the atmosphere.  78% Nitrogen  21% Oxygen  1% CO 2, H 2 O, CH 4 (greenhouse gases)  Stratosphere – upper layer containing most of the ozone (O3)

14. Hydrosphere and Geosphere  Hydrosphere  Liquid water  Ice caps  Permafrost  Water vapor  Geosphere  Core  Mantle  Crust

15. Biomes – large regions with distinct climates

16.  Aquatic life zones  Freshwater life zones  Lakes and streams  Marine life zones  Coral reefs  Estuaries  Deep ocean

17. Factors Sustaining Life  One-way flow of high quality energy  Solar energy fuels life processes and is dissipate back to space as heat (low quality energy).  Cycling of matter or nutrients  Fixed supplies of nutrients must be recycled.  Gravity  Helps hold the atmosphere in place and enables cycling

18. Solar Energy  UV, visible, and IR energy  Radiation  Absorbed by ozone  Absorbed by the earth  Reflected by the earth  Radiated by the atmosphere as heat  Natural greenhouse effect – keeps the earth warm enough to support life.

19. Abiotic and Biotic Abiotic – non-living Biotic – living or once living

20. Range of Tolerance  Tolerance in physical and chemical variation in the environment; Figure 3-10.

21. Limiting Factors  Factors more important than others in regulating population growth (carrying capacity)

22. Trophic Levels  Omnivores – eat from multiple trophic levels  Decomposers – bacteria & fungi; release nutrients from dead organisms; use secretions  Detritus Feeders – eat dead organisms and waste

24. Energy Flow