2. Table of Contents Porifera Cnidarians Platyhelminthes Nematoda Annelids Arthropods Mollusca Echinoderms Chordates

3. Movement They may walk, swim, crawl, burrow, or fly-or not move at all. Respiration Sponges rely on water moving through their bodies to take oxygen from the water. Circulation Diffusion Digestion Intracellular Excretion Through diffusion of carbon dioxide and other wastes like ammonia. Reproduction Can reproduce sexually or asexually Nervous System Sponges have no nervous systems but do produce toxins that protect themselves. Symmetry Asymmetrical Back Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Porifera Class: Hexactinellida Family: Euplectellidae Genus: Euplectella Species: Euplectella aspergillum

4. Movement Some cnidaria move jet propelled and others have a hydrostatic skeleton which allows movement Respiration Diffusion through body walls Circulation Diffusion transportation Digestion Have a gastrovascular cavity and completes intracellularly with cells. Excretion Diffusion through body walls Reproduction Sexually and asexually Nervous System Specialized sensory cells, and have a nerve net. Symmetry Radial Back Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Anthozoa Order: Scleractinia Suborder: Astrocoeniina Family: Acroporidae Genus: Acropora Species: Acropora millepora

5. Movement Cilia on cells glide through water, muscle cells twist/turn to react rapidly to environment Soft, flattened worm Respiration Diffusion Circulation Difussion Digestion Digestive cavity and a mouth, digested food diffuses from cavity into other body tissues Excretion Flame cells Reproduction Sexually and asexually, hermaphrodite Nervous System Ganglia, eyespot Symmetry Bilateral Back Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Platyhelminthes Class: Trematoda Order: Plagiorchiida Suborder: Troglotremata Family: Paragonimidae Genus: Paragonimus Species: Paragonimus kellicotti Facts Have tissues and internal organ systems Acoelemate Free living or parasitic Simplest animal with: Three Germ Layers Cephalization (a head region with nerves) Many parasitic

6. Movement Move with muscles, pseudocoelom fluids Respiration Diffusion through body walls Circulation Diffusion Digestion Full digestive tract with two openings Excretion Diffusion through body walls Reproduction Sexually and most species have separate sexes, internal fertilization Nervous System Simple with several ganglia Symmetry Bilateral Back Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Nematoda Class: Adenophorea Order: Mermithida Family: Mermithidae Genus: Romanomermis Species: Romanomermis culicivorax Facts Unsegmented First to have full digestive tract with two openings (mouth and anus) Some parasitic

7. Movement Longitudinal muscles contract to make worm shorter and fatter, circular muscles make worm longer and thinner. Moves by alternately contracting these Respiration Aquatic use gills, terrestrial take in oxygen and give of carbon dioxide Circulation Closed system Digestion Has a crop, gizzard, and intestine; food digested in the gut Excretion Digestive waste passes through anus at the end, has nephridia Reproduction Most reproduce sexually, some external fertilization, separate sexes, some hermaphrodites Nervous System Most have a well developed nervous system, brain, nerve cords Symmetry Bilaterial Back Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Annelida Class: Polychaeta Order: Canalipalpata Suborder: Sabellida Family: Sabellidae Genus: Eudistylia Species: Eudistylia polymorpha Facts Segmented bodies True coelom Complex organs

8. Movement Well-developed groups of muscles controlled by nervous system Respiration Tracheal tubes, spiracles, book lungs Circulation Open circulatory system, well developed heart Digestion Complete digestive system Excretion Malpighian tubules, diffusion for aquatic Reproduction Terrestrial have internal fertilization, aquatic have internal or external fertilization Nervous System Most have well develped nervous system, all have a brain, most have sophisticated sense organs Symmetry Bilateral Back Facts Segmented body Tough exoskeleton Jointed appendages Complex organ systems Molt exoskeleton Classified based on number and structure of body segments and appendages Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Merostomata Order: Xiphosura Suborder: Limulina Family: Limulidae Genus: Limulus Species: Limulus polyphemus

9. Movement Rippling motion, jet propulsion Respiration Gills, mantle cavity Circulation A circulatory system that is either open or closed Digestion A complete digestive tract with a mouth and anus Excretion Nephridia remove ammonia from the blood and release it outside the body Reproduction Sexually by external fertilization, some inside; some are hermaphrodites Nervous System Varies greatly among the species, some simple with small ganglia; some have well developed brains Symmetry Radial Back Facts Internal or External shell Trocophore larvae Made up of 4 parts: foot, mantle, shell, visceral mass Feeding structures: beak, siphon, radula Aquatic or terrestrial Hydrostatic skeleton Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Cephalopoda Order: Octopoda Suborder: Incirrina Family: Octopodidae Subfamily: Octopodinae Genus: Octopus Species: Octopus vulgaris

10. Movement Most use tube feet to move, determined by the structure of its endoskeleton, flexible joints, crawling Respiration Water vascular system, thin-walled tissue of the tube feet, skin gills Circulation Water vascular system Digestion Fully developed digestive system Excretion Wastes released through anus, ammonia excreted Reproduction External fertilization Nervous System Nerve ring that surrounds the mouth and radial nerves, scattered sensory cells that detect light, gravity, and chemicals released by potential prey Symmetry Radial Back Facts Endoskeleton 5 part radial symmetry Marine only Deuterstome development Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Echinodermata Class: Echinoidea Order: Arbacioida Family: Arbaciidae Genus: Arbacia Species: Arbacia punctulata

11. Movement Nonvertebrate chordates – no bones Vertebrates – bones, muscles, ligaments Movement depends on placement of muscles or appendages next to spine 1.S-movement of spine/body 2.Up/down movement of spine Respiration Well developed respiratory systems including gills, lungs etc. Circulation Well developed, heart, blood vessels Digestion Stomach, intestine, well developed Excretion Gills can diffuse ammonia directly Kidneys – change ammonia into UREA or URIC ACID, less toxic forms 1.Regulates water and ion concentration Birds and reptiles – uric acid Terrestrial amphibians, mammals and cartilaginous fish – urea Reproduction Sexual with separate sexes Fertilization: 1.External – eggs in the water 2.Internal – terrestrial organisms Egg development 1.Oviparous – eggs outside 2.Ovoviviparous – eggs inside 3.Viviparous – no eggs, internal development Childcare – aves and mammals Back Nervous System Cephalization with all groups Nonvertebrate chordates – simple systems Vertebrates – well developed brain, complex sensory structures. Symmetry Bilateral Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Mammalia Order: Monotremata Family: Ornithorhynchidae Genus: Ornithorhynchus Species: Ornithorhynchus anatinus