2. Impending Crisis & Civil War I.Crises A.Fight B.Scott C.Harpers Ferry D.Election A.Candidates B.Results II.War (1861-65) A.Fort Sumter B.After… Key Terms Brooks vs. Sumner Dred Scott Decision John Brown’s Raid 1860 Election Border States Emancipation Proclamation

3. Brooks vs. Sumner-1856 (Tensions Continued To Rise) Senator Charles Sumner & Representative Preston Brooks fought on the floor of the US Senate.

4. Dred Scott Case (1857) Resided in Illinois (free state) & Wisconsin (a territory made free by Congress) for many years. Dred Scott (A Slave) He sued to obtain his freedom.

5. Dred Scott Decision (1857) 1.Scott was not freed 2.Slaves (& all blacks) were denied citizenship rights; slaves = property Congress cannot prohibit slavery anywhere (only states have this power) Roger Taney (1777-1864) Chief Justice

6. Impact Of Dred Scott 1.Infuriated Northerners as they feared slavery could expand to new areas. 2.Demonstrated slavery was a NATIONAL problem; not just Southern.

7. John Brown’s Raid (1859) Brown was an abolitionist Raided the federal arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, VA. Goal: Take munitions & lead a slave rebellion He was captured & executed 1800-1859

8. John Brown’s Raid (1859) Officer who led capture of Brown Robert E. Lee Brown on trial

9. Impact Of John Brown’s Raid It made Southerners fearful that maybe ALL in the North were abolitionists. A final straw…?

10. 1860 Election Stephen Douglas (Northern Democrat) Supported expansion of slavery into territories John Breckinridge (Southern Democrat) Supported Popular Sovereignty Abraham Lincoln (Republican) Allow slavery to remain where it already exists; but no new expansion John Bell (Constitutional Union) Stood for Constitution, Union, & enforcement of laws

11. Following Lincoln’s Victory Seven states seceded (even before his inauguration) –Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina & Florida

12. Fighting Begins Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to fight for Union following attack on Fort Sumter (April, 1861). Four more Southern states seceded. –Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee

13. Border States Slave states which remained loyal to the Union. Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware

14. Emancipation Proclamation ( Effective 1/1/1863) Declared that slaves residing in states in rebellion against the Union were freed. It did not free any slaves in the states that remained loyal to the Union. 1862

15. Results of the Civil War (1861-1865) 1.Slavery ended—but what about the newly freed slaves? 2.More than 600,000 Americans died WWII: 209 deaths per 100,000 (total pop) Civil War: 2,000 deaths per 100,000 (total pop) 3.Much of the South was destroyed—how would it be rebuilt?

16. Impending Crisis & Civil War I.Crises A.Fight B.Scott C.Harpers Ferry D.Election A.Candidates B.Results II.War (1861-65) A.Fort Sumter B.After… Key Terms Brooks vs. Sumner Dred Scott Decision John Brown’s Raid 1860 Election Border States Emancipation Proclamation