1. 1 Fig. S1 HeLa cells ROS dye added after trypsinization ROS dye added before trypsinization Percentage of DCF fluorescence positive cells (H 2 O 2 production) Percentage of ethidium fluorescence positive cells (O 2.- production) Control No AA Control No GP Control No AA Control No GP 3.74% 45.60% 3.54% 41.22% 3.74% 43.34% 3.54% 47.21% 4.35% 2.01% 5.15% 3.00% 4.35% 33.84% 34.73% 5.15%

2. 2 Fig. S2 a b U87 Cells Ethidium, control Ethidium, GP starvation DCF, control DCF, GP starvation U87 Cells Ethidium, control Ethidium, AA starvation DCF, control DCF, AA starvation

3. 3 No GP-+--+--+--+- No AA--+--+--+--+ NH 4 Cl++++ Time1 h6 h24 h48 h U87 cells Fig. S3 LC3-I LC3-II β-Actin

4. 0 20 40 60 80 % Cells with AVOs or GFP-LC3 dots No 3-MA Plus 3-MA 4 Fig. S4 No GP-+--+- No AA--+--+ AutophagyAVOsGFP-LC3 Time (h)72 h48 h HeLa cells * * * * * p < 0.002 a

5. 5 b (ii) Control No GP Wort Wort+No GP NameM1 (%) 5.16 45.13 5.05 10.80 Key Control No AA Wort+No AA NameM1 (%) 5.16 36.52 6.01 Key HeLa wt Fig. S4 HeLa wt * * * * * * p<0.04 HeLa SOD2 # # # # #p>0.05 (iii) (i)

6. 6 Control siRNA beclin-1 siRNA atg-7 siRNA * * * * * * ** * p<0.01 compared to control siRNA No GP-+--+- No AA--+--+ AutophagyAVOsGFP-LC3 Time (h)72 h48 h HeLa cells Fig. S4 c

7. 7 HeLa cellswtSOD2wtSOD2 LysateMitochondrialCytosolic Actin COX2 SOD2 Fig. S5

8. 8 Fig. S6 R-++----++--- 2-ME--+++---+++- T----++----++ FluorescenceEthidiumDCF Time6 h HeLa cells ** * * * * * p<0.05

9. 9 Fig. S7 R-++----++--- 2-ME--+++---+++- T----++----++ FluorescenceEthidiumDCF Time6 h HEK293cells a b R-++----++--- 2-ME--+++---+++- T----++----++ FluorescenceEthidiumDCF Time24 h HEK293cells * * * * *p<0.05 * * * * *

10. 0 10 20 30 40 50 % Cells with GFP-LC3 dots 10 Fig. S7 R-++--- 2-ME--+++- T----++ Time24 h HeLa cells * * * * * p<0.01 c d R -+--+--+--+- T --+--+--+--+ 2-ME ---+++---+++ NH 4 Cl -+ HEK293 cells LC3-I LC3-II β-actin 0.1 0.00720.84.114.210.428.54538.571.263.8

11. 11 Fig. S8 b 1 mM H 2 O 2 -+ NH 4 Cl+ Time24 h HEK293 cells a LC3-II β-Actin LC3-I Ethidium fluorescenceDCF fluorescence 0 200 Counts 10 0 10 4 FL3-H 0 200 Counts 10 0 10 4 FL1-H Control 1 mM H 2 O 2 Treatment Control HEK293 cells