1. IGNEOUS ROCKS

2. Created by the solidification (crystallization) of magma or lavaU S R C K
Created by the solidification (crystallization) of magma or lava

3. Formed on surface of earth from crystallization of lava
2 TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
1. EXTRUSIVE (volcanic)
Formed on surface of earth from crystallization of lava

4. Formed underground from crystallization of magma
2 TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
2. INTRUSIVE (Plutonic)
Formed underground from crystallization of magma

5. Medium/Large Crystals
CRYSTALLIZATION
Intrusive Rocks
Cooled Slowly
Medium/Large Crystals
Extrusive Rocks
Cooled Quickly
Small/No Crystals

6. 8 most common elements in crust
% of Crust by weight
Oxygen
46.6
Silicon
27.7
Aluminum
8.1
Iron
5.0
Calcium
3.6
Sodium
2.8
Potassium
2.6
Magnesium
2.1
All Others
1.5
The
chemical composition of a magma/lava determines which minerals will form

7. In between mafic and felsic -- some of everything
Types of Magma/Lava
Type
Chemical Composition
Rocks from this type
E=Extrusive; I=Intrusive
Mafic
Fe, Mg, Ca
E = Basalt
I = Gabbro
Felsic
Si, O, Al, Na
E = Rhyolite
I = Granite
Intermediate
In between mafic and felsic -- some of everything
E = Andesite
I = Diorite

8. *4

9. IGNEOUS ROCKS
MAFIC ROCK
Dark Colors
High in
Fe & Mg
MORE DENSE
FELSIC ROCK
Light Colors
High in Al & SiO2
LESS DENSE

10. HOW IGNEOUS ROCKS CRYSTALLIZE
Since every mineral has a unique freezing temperature, minerals crystallize out of a magma in a very specific order.

11. BOWEN'S REACTION SERIES
Temperature
Discontinuous Series
Continuous Series
Rock Type (E/I)
Ultramafic
Peridotite
Mafic
Basalt/Gabbro
Intermediate
Andesite/
Diorite
Felsic
Rhyolite/
Granite
Olivine
Ca-rich
1400 C
1200 C
1050 C
800 C
600 C
Pyroxene
Plagioclase
Feldspar
Amphibole
Biotite
Na-rich
Orthoclase Feldspar +
Muscovite Mica
Quartz

12. PLATE TECTONICS & IGNEOUS ROCKS
MAFIC
Ocean crust, mantle rock, more dense and will sink
Divergent Plate Boundaries
Hot Spots
FELSIC
Continental Crust, less dense so will float
Collision Zones
Sliding Plate Boundaries
INTER-MEDIATE
Where mafic and felsic rock mixes
Subduction Zones

14. IGNEOUS ROCKS