1. Υ Measurements at PHENIX Shawn Whitaker RHIC/AGS Users’ Meeting June 20, 2011 6/20/20111Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting

2. Outline Why do we measure Υ ? How do we measure Υ ? Cross section in pp collisions Nuclear Modification factors – R dA – R AA (ongoing) 6/20/20112Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting

3. Motivation 6/20/2011Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting3 In the Quark Gluon Plasma we expect sequential screening of the resonances. Measurement of heavy quarkonia suppression in Au+Au collisions can act as a thermometer of the QGP. Mocsy & Petreczky PRL. 99, 211602 (2007) R. Arnaldi Heavy Quarks and Quarkonia QM 2011 Heavy flavor resonances characterized by binding energy and radius

4. MEASURING Υ AT PHENIX 6/20/20114Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting

5. The PHENIX Detector 6/20/20115Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting

6. Detector Acceptance: Central Arms 6/20/2011Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting6 Total Υ (1S) Υ (2S) Υ (3S) Υ were simulated using PHPYTHIA (top left) Two models were used to simulate the p T distribution for Υ (top right) Acceptance x Reconstruction efficiency is plotted as a function of momentum (left) The resulting integrated Acc x Eff is below Acceptance x Efficiency p T [GeV]

7. Detector Acceptance: Muon Arms 6/20/2011Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting7 Υ (1S+2S+3S) were generated using PHPYTHIA. The rapidity distribution is shown in the top left plot. The Acceptance x Efficiency values are shown above and summarized to the left. The integrated values were used for each rapidity region because of the limited statistics in the real data.

8. Run6 pp Central Arms =|y|<0.35 Dealing with Small Statistics 6/20/2011Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting8 Run6 pp fg = 12 opposite sign counts bg =1 like sign count M. Tannenbaum Black Points: e + e - Pairs Blue Line: e + e + and e - e - Pairs

9. The Process Using e + e - and μ + μ - pairs Υ candidates are reconstructed from pairs with an invariant mass from 8.5 – 11.5 GeV The Υ yields are estimated from these candidates after removing the background contributions – Combinatorial background from random e + e - or μ + μ - pairs – Correlated continuum background from Drell-Yan, open bottom and open charm (semi-leptonic decays) 6/20/20119Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting

10. Combinatorial Background Subtraction Run6 pp Central Arms =|y|<0.35 Black Points: e + e - Pairs Blue Line: e + e + and e - e - Pairs 6/20/201110Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting

11. 116/20/2011Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting Drell Yan PHPYTHIA Settings

12. 6/20/2011Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting Open Bottom PHPYTHIA Settings 12

13. Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting Open Charm PHPYTHIA Settings msel 4 (turns on charm production) pmas 4 1 1.25 (sets charm quark mass to 1.25 GeV) 6/20/201113

14. 6/20/2011Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting Invariant Mass Distributions Data Υ Drell Yan Open Bottom Open Charm Data Υ Drell Yan Open Bottom 14 Run6 pp Central Arms

15. CROSS SECTION MEASUREMENT 6/20/201115Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting

16. Current Results Run 6 – Mid-rapidity in the di-electron channel – Forward and backward rapidity in the di-muon channel 6/20/201116Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting

17. Run 6 Signals Run6 pp Central Arms =|y|<0.35 Above Black Points: Opposite Sign Pairs Blue Points: Same Sign Pairs Red Points: Black - Blue Left Black Points: Opposite Sign Pairs Blue Line: Same Sign Pairs 6/20/201117Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting Run 6 pp South Arm Run 6 pp North Arm

18. Run 6 Results Mid-Rapidity Di-electron channel 6/20/201118Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting

19. NUCLEAR MODIFICATION: R dA 6/20/201119Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting

20. Current Results Use PHENIX p+p data as baseline Compare to calculated cross section from Run-8 d+Au to determine R dA – Currently have result from muon arms – Work is being done on a mid-rapidity measurement in the Central Arms 6/20/201120Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting

21. R dA Result 6/20/201121Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting

22. UPCOMING RESULTS 6/20/201122Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting

23. Υ at Mid-Rapidity in d+Au Υ signal in d+Au data at mid rapidity 6/20/201123Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting

24. Υ at Mid-Rapidity in Au+Au An excess can be seen in the e + e - channel at mid- rapidity from the central arm data. Work is still underway calculating R AA, for details see my poster. 6/20/201124Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting

25. Summary Measured Υ cross-section in Run-6 p+p Measured R dA at forward and backward rapidity from Run-8 Working on R dA at mid-rapidity in the di- electron channel from Run-8 Working on R AA from Run-10 for all of the PHENIX acceptance 6/20/201125Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting

26. BACKUP 6/20/2011Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting26

27. P(s) Derivation(1) 6/20/2011Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting27 Assume the number of counts is Poisson distribution with expectation value μ and observed counts m. The distribution is identical if you observe a number of counts and want to know the probability of an expectation value. The probability of n foreground counts and m background counts given the two are measured independently can be written as the product of the two separate distribution. Changing variables (1) (2) (2)->(3)

28. P(s) Derivation(2) 6/20/2011Shawn Whitaker - RHIC/AGS Users Meeting28 (3) Expanding as sum Results in (4) Integrating (4) over μ and recognizing it has the same form as a Gamma distribution with b=2 and p-1 = m+n-k gives the final result Calculation done by M. Tannenbaum