1. Tutorial 1 Introduction to Endocrine physiology

2. Case 1  History Salma is a 35 year old lady presented to her doctor with the following symptoms; intolerance to cold, decrease in appetite with increase in weight. Her doctor suspected that she may have hypothyroidism and requested blood test for some hormones level. Salma is a 35 year old lady presented to her doctor with the following symptoms; intolerance to cold, decrease in appetite with increase in weight. Her doctor suspected that she may have hypothyroidism and requested blood test for some hormones level. Q1: What does hypothyroidism mean? Q2: What do we mean by primary and secondary dysfunction of a gland? Q3: What are the hormones required to be tested in thyroid dysfunction? Q4: If she has normal hypothalamus and pituitary gland, what do you think her TSH level will be; in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, Why?

3. Case 1 (cont.)  Blood test confirmed that she has hypothyroidism. 100 microgram thyroxine was prescribed to her. She was asked to come after 3 months to repeat blood test. Knowing that thyroxine is lipid-soluble hormone Q1. what is the route of administration? Q2. How are lipid-soluble hormones transported in blood? Q3. Where in the cell are the receptors located? Q4. Why was she asked to come for repeated blood after 3 months and not few days?

4. Case 1 (cont.)  In her next visit, she complained of palpitation. Her heart rate was found to be 120 b/min. Q1. What is the explanation for her symptom?

5. Case 2  Salem is 33 year old who presented to his doctor with symptoms and signs suggestive of Cushing’s syndrome (cortisol hypersecretion). His doctor told hem that he need to admit for some hormonal investigation. Q1.From which gland is cortisol secreted? Q2. Why does he need to be admitted? Q3. What is circadian rhythm?