1. Developing a Primary PCI Service - A practical guide Dan Blackman Leeds General Infirmary Advanced Cardiovascular Intervention January 29 th 2009

2. Expert Panel Jim HallJames Cook, Middlesborough Jim McLenachanLeeds General Infirmary Mike NorellWolverhampton Heart Centre Bernard PrendergastWythenshawe & John Radcliffe Martin RothmanLondon Chest Hospital

3. NO CONFLICT OF INTEREST TO DECLARE

4. (1) Involve all the stakeholders from the start Co-ordinate the service centrally via the network –PPCI Subgroup Essential stakeholders –Commissioners (SCG, PCTs), Cardiac Network, Trust managers, Ambulance service, Air Ambulance, DGH Cardiologists, DGH & Centre A & E staff, CCU nurses, Cath Lab staff, Cardiac rehab team

5. (2) Education Education crucial across the board –Ambulance management and crews –A & E doctors and nurses –Cardiology SpRs –Heart Attack Centre CCU Staff –Cath Lab Staff Presentations, Seminars, Workshops, Publications Simple pathways Education doesn’t stop after the PPCI service starts

6. (3) AMBULANCE SERVICE The ambulance service is THE key to a successful PPCI service Ambulance diagnosis and direct admission to the cath lab is a MUST

7. Impact of direct admission on call to balloon times DirectVia A & E NIAP86140/159 Leeds111136 West Yorkshire DGHs 120160 40-60 minute saving in call to balloon time with direct admissions 6 key US D2B Initiative recommendations saved 8.2 – 19.3 minutes* * Bradley Circ 2006 113:1079-85

8. Mechanisms for direct ambulance admissions Telemetry –ECGs sent to CCU nurse co-ordinator (Middlesborough) –ECGs sent to Interventionist mobile phone (Exeter) –Pros - High diagnostic accuracy / Reduced false positive rate –Cons - Expensive / ? Slower Paramedic diagnosis –Paramedic makes the call & only phones to check the lab is available –Do not filter the paramedic through CCU/Scheduler/SpR –Pros – Empowers the paramedic / Cheap / ? Faster –Cons – Requires STEMI trained staff on all ambulances / Higher false positive rate Accept false positives as another benefit of a primary PCI service

9. Engage the ambulance service Thank ambulance crews every time Invite the crews to watch the case Never criticise mis-diagnosis –false positives are a good thing

10. (4) Simple lines of communication Single point of contact with dedicated phone line –Cath lab scheduler Mon-Fri 8-5 –CCU Sister Out-of-hours Activation of cath lab team on receiving referral –Don’t wait for the patient to arrive –Don’t get into discussions with SpRs or Consultants –Don’t waste time faxing ECGs from A & Es to CCU

11. (5) Start 24/7 and roll out Start 24/7 –Moving beyond office hours is the hardest thing Start with the centre, then roll out –Taking the whole region on at the start will be too much –Commit to roll-out from the start –Expand gradually but as quickly as possible

12. (6) Look after your cath lab staff Engage them with education from the outset Sell it to staff as the fantastic advance that it is –Make them proud Protect their hours –EWTD. 11 hours off after night-time calls Say thank you

13. (7) Plan the rota for interventionists Number of consultants required will depend on the number of cases Leeds only –Population 750,000; 240 cases per annum –1 weekday per week; 1 3-day weekend in 5; 5 operators in total Leeds/Bradford –Population 1.25 million, 400 cases per annum –1 weekday every 2 weeks ; 1 3-day weekend in 6; 8 operators in total West Yorkshire –Population 3.1 million, 1100 cases per annum –1 weekday every 2 weeks, may fall to 1 in 3 ; 1 Friday/Sunday in 6 –14 operators in total, may increase to 18 Next morning or day free of clinical activities Everyone should be on the rota, including all visitors

14. PPCI and Time of Day 56% 23% 21% 250 cases per year – up 1 night in 4 400 cases per year – up 1 night in 3 1100 cases per year – up nearly every night March 2005-07 N = 611

15. (8) Audit, audit, audit Dedicated audit/data staff Continued audit of treatment times in perpetuity. Feedback. Set targets Not just door-to-balloon and call-to-balloon –Call for medical attention –Ambulance arrival at scene –Ambulance departure from scene –(Ambulance arrival at DGH) –(Time of referral from DGH) –(Time of departure from DGH) –Time of arrival at heart attack centre –Balloon time Outcomes

16. (9) Never stop developing Audit Education Feedback Continued stakeholder meetings