1. Standards and Standardization

2. Standard Levels Standards preside according to the level. Their effect, image and their scope of work change from one level to another, their levels. In the previous chapter, all standardization levels were displayed, hereunder will show how each level of standards work. Individual Level Organization Level Union's and vocational associations level The National level

3. Individual level This kind of standards is issued through one way. It identifies the requirement which might be existed in a specified process. The effectiveness of the standard often ends by the end of this process. The standard may be conveyed orally or written in a document having a legal significance if it is a topic of a written contract. Its nature differs according to the subject and the party who prepares it. So, there will be no general rule applicable to all.

4. Organization level This level includes detailed standards which the industrial organizations lay down for organizing their work and identifying their requirements It also includes the specifications laid down by the gov’t agencies. Such as municipalities, health and agriculture It is more accurate and specialized than the individual level.

5. Organization level The standards issued by the industrial organizations are considered as a part of planning which covers, any of the following stages: Raw materials necessary for the factor and intermediate products. Machines and instruments necessary for productions and spare parts. Standards of production in different stages. Testing and quality control methods and practical system specifications. Maintenance and replacement standards. Rout in purchases standards. Managing and assuring quality standards.

6. Organization level In case of the existence of national standards for the commodity which the factor produced, the executive standards of the factory will be developed along with the methods of quality control for forming the production with the national standards. This kind of standards includes the customs laws which organize the import, export and conditions for compliance and identifies the procedures and circumstance which should exist when the commodity passes inside or outside.

7. Union and vocational Associations level This type of standards has a wide effect and includes all sectors. It develop naturally in the industrial countries due to the huge industries. The similar industries encounter problems which require common solutions in the scope of integrating production standards and common purchases. So categorical complexes for similar industries have been established. They issue standards which are laid down by the members of the complexes. Also, categorical committees such as Engineers’ Committees contributed in such roles.

8. National level The national standards are the most important and most efficient. It is a connecting link with other levels such as regional and international levels. A national standards, including the following : It should be issued by a standardization national system which is only authorized to issue national standards. It should be issued in accordance with a certain manner identifying the steps of preparation, issue, approval methods and represent the national requirements. All concerned parties should participate in preparing and developing these standards which should express their interests. It should realize the national interest and represent the national requirements.

9. Regional and international level The standards occupy an important position in organizing the commercial transactions, identifying the level of commodities and services which are suitable for the expected circumstances. Standards gained an increasing importance at present because they are basic axes upon which the international agreements emerging from World Trade Organization which takes into account that difference in standards (technical barriers) should be removed. Stands ply an important role in laying down different development processes on proper bases, reducing costs, raising the quality level, integrating markets, establishing economical blocs and facilitating commercial exchange on the basis of ensuring the common interests for all parties and countries.

10. Standards Patterns Standards vary in respect of shape and type according to the scope in which they deal. every scope has special shape and nature. These scopes are as follows: Terms and technical definition of a certain topic and specified technical activity. Identification of performance level of certain material, system or an installation. Identification of samples or technical inspection for identifying the applicability of a certain characteristic, conditions or pre-defined standards. Identification of inspection, testing and analysis for limiting the value of a certain characteristic. Identification the classification of natural or industrial commodity.

11. Standards Patterns - cont Limiting and facilitating the production method including the identification of pattern standards and their technical trespasses. Identifying the ways of packing, storage and handling. identifying the bases of design, implementation, formation, operation, maintenance, and safety of persons, commodities and systems. Identifying the ideal situations of the performance of a certain service or identifying the ideal model for writing a certain contract or carrying out any task. Identifying the ideal situations of the quality control and ways of realizing the targeted standards. Identifying the ideal methods of managing and assuring quality in productive, consuming and services organizations.