1. New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP” Koldaev A.**, Gusev A.*, Konovalov D.**, Kutarov A.**, Miller E. ** *Roshydromet, Russia, ** Central Aerological Observatory, Roshydromet,Russia, *** State Hydrological Institute, Roshydromet, Russia

2. List of contents I.LCR “DROP” I. Construction II. Field experiments III. Current locations on the observational network II.Present Weather Sensor I. Theoretical background II. Technical approach III. Experimental results III.Disdrometry I. Theoretical background II. Technical approach III. Experimental results New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP”

3. LCR “DROP” Construction Microwave receiver Microwave transmitter Analog to digit Converter Digital Processor ADSP-21061 ROM & Software Digit to Analog Converter The principal of operation is based on measurements of vertical velocities of rain drops by means of micro power Doppler radar working in continuous mode of radiation at frequency 11 GHz. The system is consist with Microwave receiver/transmitter working through the same horn antenna (Microwave module) Microwave receiver/transmitter working through the same horn antenna (Microwave module) Low Frequency Amplifier (LFA) Low Frequency Amplifier (LFA) The Digital Processor, performs FFT algorithm and all digital exchange functions The Digital Processor, performs FFT algorithm and all digital exchange functions LCR is made with all modern materials and common western type electronic components. It’s allow constructing compact reliable device with very powerful capacity.

4. New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP” LCR “DROP” Field experiments As a result of field tests the big volume of experimental data was collected. This information allowed to improve the parts and whole construction of the device and to start the production of signal series of LCR “DROP” The influence of wind was investigated also, and it was experimentally proven that wind not decrease the accuracy, which is found in good agreement with the accuracy of State Standard. Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Reg. September 2003 Alfa sample of LSR –11 on the experimental site of ATTEX. Comparisons of LCR –11 with the Russian Federation State Standard of Rain Precipitation on the experimental site of State Hydrological Institute. Valday, Novgorod Reg. May-September 2004. The results of direct comparisons of LCR-11 with the Rain recorder P-2. The graphs of precipitation accumulation within about 7 hours. Valday, 28 August 2004. The results of comparisons with State Standard and Ground Mounted Standard within a whole month. (Valday, 1-31 August 2004). On the plot the 24 hours accumulated values are presented. P-2 data are presented also for reference only.

5. New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP” LCR “DROP” Today 2007 2008

6. New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP” LCR “DROP” Concept Microwave receiver Microwave transmitter Analog to digit Converter Digital Processor ADSP-21061 ROM & Software Digit to Analog Converter

7. New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP” Present weather sensor Theoretical background (1) (2) (3) (4) (5), where Meteorological Event Vav[m/sec]Deff[mm]P60/P11[dB] 11 [Hz] Rain53492000/357 Wet snow2862800/143 Dry snow1.5138600/107 Drizzle0.5 33200/36 Fog0.010.05304/0.7 <<

8. New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP” Present weather sensor Technical approach

9. New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP” Present weather sensor Experimental results

10. New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP” LCR “DROP” Concept Microwave receiver Microwave transmitter Analog to digit Converter Digital Processor ADSP-21061 ROM & Software Digit to Analog Converter

11. New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP” Disdrometer Theoretical background VgVg

12. Disdrometer Technical approach New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP”

13. Disdrometer Experimental results

14. New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP” Disdrometer Experimental results

15. New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP” Thank you for your attention Dr. Koldaev Arkady