2. Unit 11 Scientific achievements

3. 构词法规则例证 转化由一个词类转化为另一词类 water -water 派生加前缀构成另一个词 happy - unhappy 加后缀构成另一个词 happy - happiness 加前后缀构成另一个词 happy - unhappily 合成由两个或更多词合成另一词breakthrough 截短法把一个词前部分截去 aeroplane - plane 把一个词后部分截去 advertisement - ad 把一个词前后各截去一部分 influenza - flu 混合两个词各取一部分合成一词 breakfast and lunch – brunch ( 早午餐 ) 缩写 CSA – Chinese Space Agency ( 中国航天局 )

4. 英语构词法 – 前缀（ 1 ） 掌握一些英语构词法，对单词的记忆和理 解有很大的帮助，下面笔者列举一些常用 的词缀和词根。 掌握一些英语构词法，对单词的记忆和理 解有很大的帮助，下面笔者列举一些常用 的词缀和词根。常见的前缀

5. 1. 表示否定意义的前缀 1) 纯否定前缀 dis- dishonest, dislike in-, ig-, il, im, ir, inability, ignoble( 卑微的 ), impossible, illegal, irregular( 不规则的 ) ne-, n-, none, neither, never non-, nonsense( 无意义的事, 胡说八道 ) neg-, neglect( 不注意, 疏忽 ) un- unable

6. 2) 表示错误的意义 male-, mal-, malfunction( 故障 ), maladjustment( 失调 ) male-, mal-, malfunction( 故障 ), maladjustment( 失调 ) mis-, mislead( 带错路, 使误解 ) mis-, mislead( 带错路, 使误解 )

7. 3) 表示反动作的意思 dis-, disconnect dis-, disconnect un-, uncover un-, uncover

8. 4) 表示相反，相互对立意思 anti-, ant- antiforeign,( 排外的 ) anti-, ant- antiforeign,( 排外的 ) contra-, contre-, contro-, controflow( 逆 流 ) contra-, contre-, contro-, controflow( 逆 流 ) counter-, counterpoison,( 抗毒剂 ) counter-, counterpoison,( 抗毒剂 ) with-, withdraw( 撤退 ) with-, withdraw( 撤退 )

9. 2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 1) a- 表示 “ 在 …… 之上 ” ， “ 向 ……” aboard, aboard, 2) by- 表示 “ 附近，邻近，边侧 ” bypass( 弯路 ) 3) circum-, circu-, 表示 “ 周围，环绕， 回转 ” ， circumstance( 环境 )

10. 2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 4) de-, 表示 “ 在下，向下 ” Degrade( 使降级 ) 5) en-, 表示 “ 在内，进入 ” encage, ( 把 … 关在笼中, 禁闭 ) 6) ex-, ec-, es-, 表示 “ 外部，外 ” export

11. 2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 7) extra-, 表示 “… 外的 ” 7) extra-, 表示 “… 外的 ” extraartistic （与艺术无关的） extraartistic （与艺术无关的） 8) fore- 表示 “ 在前面 ” 8) fore- 表示 “ 在前面 ” forehead forehead 9) in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示 “ 向内，在内，背于 ” 表示 “ 向内，在内，背于 ” inside, import

12. 2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 10) inter-, intel-, 表示 “ 在 …… 间，相互 ” international, internet 11) intro-, 表示 “ 向内，在内，内侧 ” Introscope ( 内窥镜 ) 12) medi-, med-, mid-, 表示 “ 中，中间 ” Midsummer ( 仲夏 )

13. 2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 13) out-, 表示 “ 在上面，在外部，在外 ”, outside, outward 14) over-, 表示 “ 在上面，在外部，向上 ” 14) over-, 表示 “ 在上面，在外部，向上 ”overhead 15) post-, 表示 " 向后，在后边，次 ” 15) post-, 表示 " 向后，在后边，次 ” Postposition ( 后置 ) ，

14. 2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 16) pre-, 表示 " 在前 ” 在前面 ” Preposition( 介词 ) 17) pro-, 表示 “ 在前，向前 ” progress progress 18) sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示 “ 在下面，下 ” subway, submarine( 潜水艇 ) subway, submarine( 潜水艇 )

15. 2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 19) super-, sur-, 表示 “ 在 ….. 之上 ” 19) super-, sur-, 表示 “ 在 ….. 之上 ”Surface 20) trans-, 表示 “ 移上，转上，在那一边 ” 20) trans-, 表示 “ 移上，转上，在那一边 ” translate, transform( 变形, 变换 ) translate, transform( 变形, 变换 ) 21) under-, 表示 “ 在 ….. 下面，下的 ” underline, underground, underwater 22) up-, 表示 “ 向上，向上面，在上 ” upward, uphill( 上坡 ) upward, uphill( 上坡 )

16. 英语构词法 – 前缀（ 2 ） 3. 表示时间，序列关系的前缀 1) ex-, 表示 “ 先，故，旧 ” exhusband 2) fore-, 表示 “ 在前面，先前，前面 ” foreward, foretell( 预言 )

17. 3. 表示时间，序列关系的前缀 4) mid-, medi-, 表示 “ 中，中间 ” Midnight 5) post-" 表示 “ 在后，后 ” postwar, 6) pre-, pri-, 表示 “ 在前，事先，预先 ” prewar, prehistory

18. 3. 表示时间，序列关系的前缀 7) re-, 表示 “ 再一次，重新 ” 7) re-, 表示 “ 再一次，重新 ” retell, rewrite retell, rewrite

19. 4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀 1) by-, 表示 “ 副，次要的 ” bywork( 副业 ) 2) extra-, 表示 “ 超越，额外 ” extraordinary, extraordinary, 3) out-, 表示 “ 超过，过分 ” outdo( 超过 ) outdo( 超过 ) 4) over- ，表示 “ 超过，过度，太 ” overeat, oversleep overeat, oversleep

20. 4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀 6) sub-, suc-, sur-, 表示 “ 低，次，副，亚 ” subtropical( 亚热带 ) 7) super-, sur- 表示 “ 超过 ” supernature, superpower 8) under-, 表示 “ 低劣，低下 ” undergrown( 发育不全的 ), underproduction( 生产不足 ) underproduction( 生产不足 ) 9) vice- 表示 “ 副，次 ” vicepresident, vicechairman

21. 5. 表示共同、相等意思的前缀 1) com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- 表示 “ 共同， 一起 ” 。 combine, collect, co-operate 2) syn-, syl-,sym-, 表示 “ 同，共，和，类 ” sympathy

22. 6. 表示整个完全意思的前缀 1 ) al- 表示 “ 完整，完全 ” altogether 2 )over- 表示 “ 完全，全 ” overall)

23. 7. 表示分离，离开意思意思的前缀 1) a- ab-, abs-, 表示 “ 分离，离开 ” away, apart, 2) de- 表示 “ 离去，处去 ” depart 3) dis-, di-, dif-, 表示 “ 分离，离开 ” disarm( 缴 械 )

24. 7. 表示分离，离开意思意思的前缀 4) ex-, e-, 表示 “ 离开，分离 ” exclude( 拒 绝, 除去 ) 5) for- 表示 “ 离开，脱离 ” forget, forgive

25. 8. 表示通过，遍及意思的前缀 1) dia-, 表示 “ 通过，横过 ” diameter, ( 直径 ) 2) per-, pel-, 表示 “ 通，总，遍 ” perfect, 3) trans-, 表示 “ 横过，贯通 ” transpacific ( 横渡太平洋的 )

26. 英语构词法 – 前缀（ 3 ） 9. 表示加强意思的前缀 a-, arouse a-, arouse ad- adhere( 粘着 )

27. 10. 表示变换词类作用的前缀 be-, befriend, vt. be-, befriend, vt. en-, enable, enrich vt.

28. 11. 表示数量关系的前缀 1) 表示 “ 单一 ” ， “ 一 ” mon-, monotone( 单调 ) uni-, un-, uniform

29. 11. 表示数量关系的前缀 2) 表示 “ 二，两，双 ” 2) 表示 “ 二，两，双 ” bi-, bin- bicycle,

30. 11. 表示数量关系的前缀 3) 表示 “ 十 ” deca, dec-, decade, 3) 表示 “ 十 ” deca, dec-, decade, 4) 表示 " 百，百分子一 " 4) 表示 " 百，百分子一 " centi-, centimeter

31. 11. 表示数量关系的前缀 5) 表示 " 千，千分子一 ” kilo-, kilometer 5) 表示 " 千，千分子一 ” kilo-, kilometer 6) 表示 " 万，万分子一 ” 6) 表示 " 万，万分子一 ” micro-, microgram micro-, microgram

32. 11. 表示数量关系的前缀 7) 表示 " 许多，复，多数 ” 7) 表示 " 许多，复，多数 ” multi-, mult-, multicolor

33. 12. 表示特殊意义的前缀 1) auto-, 表示 “ 自己，独立，自动 ” automobile 1) auto-, 表示 “ 自己，独立，自动 ” automobile 2) bene-, 表示 “ 善，福 ” benefit 2) bene-, 表示 “ 善，福 ” benefit 3) micro-, 表示 “ 微 ” microscope 3) micro-, 表示 “ 微 ” microscope

34. 13. 表示术语的前缀 1) aud-, 表示 “ 听，声 ” audience, 1) aud-, 表示 “ 听，声 ” audience, 2) bio-, 表示 “ 生命，生物 ” 2) bio-, 表示 “ 生命，生物 ” biography( 传记 ) biography( 传记 ) 3) ge-, 表示 “ 地球，大地 ” geography 3) ge-, 表示 “ 地球，大地 ” geography 4) tele-, 表示 “ 远离 ” television, telephone 4) tele-, 表示 “ 远离 ” television, telephone

35. 后 缀 后 缀 例 词 例 词 名词 --er ….. 者 --er ….. 者 runner, swimmer -ese …. 地方的人 -ese …. 地方的人 Chinese, Japanese -ian 精通 … 的人, … 地方人 -ian 精通 … 的人, … 地方人 musician, Russian -ist 专业人员 -ist 专业人员 artist, pianist -- ment 性质, 状态 -- ment 性质, 状态 government, movement -- ness 性质, 状态 -- ness 性质, 状态 business, happiness -- or …. 者 -- or …. 者 visitor, professor --tion 表示动作, 过程, 结果 --tion 表示动作, 过程, 结果 pollution, suggestion -ship.. 的状态, 身分, 职位 friendship

36. 后 缀 后 缀 例 词 例 词 名词 -age -ageshortage -ance -ence -ance -enceconfidence --ant --antassistant -ary -arydictionary -- dom 状况, 领域 -- dom 状况, 领域 freedom, kingdom -- ess 女的, 母的 -- ess 女的, 母的lioness -- ful 充满 … 的量 -- ful 充满 … 的量mouthful --ory 从事某活动的地 方 --ory 从事某活动的地 方laboratory

37. 形容词 : -able 显示 … 性质, 特点 fashionable 可被 … 的, 适于 … 的 eatable -able 显示 … 性质, 特点 fashionable 可被 … 的, 适于 … 的 eatable -al magical -al magical -ary planetary ( 有关行星的 ) -ary planetary ( 有关行星的 ) -ed 有 … 特征的 talented -ed 有 … 特征的 talented -en 用 … 做成的 golden -en 用 … 做成的 golden -form 具有 … 形状或特征的 uniform -form 具有 … 形状或特征的 uniform -ful 具有 … 性质的 peaceful -ful 具有 … 性质的 peaceful

38. -ial 有 … 特点的 dictatorial 独裁者的 -ial 有 … 特点的 dictatorial 独裁者的 -ic romantic -ic romantic -ish 象 … 一样的, 似 … 的 childish 有点 … 的 reddish -ish 象 … 一样的, 似 … 的 childish 有点 … 的 reddish -ive 有 … 性质的 active -ive 有 … 性质的 active -less treeless -less treeless -like childlike -like childlike -ly 有 … 性质的 friendly 每 … 一次 yearly -ly 有 … 性质的 friendly 每 … 一次 yearly -ous 有 … 性质的 poisonous -ous 有 … 性质的 poisonous -y dusty -y dusty

39. 动词 : - fy ( 使 … 化 ) ; -ize ( 使 … 成为 ) 动词 : - fy ( 使 … 化 ) ; -ize ( 使 … 成为 ) e.g. simplify ( 简化 ), satisfy, realize, organize e.g. simplify ( 简化 ), satisfy, realize, organize -en 使变成 e.g. blacken

40. 副词 : 副词 : - ly 表示方式, 程度 : freely,badly,truly - ly 表示方式, 程度 : freely,badly,truly - ward (s) 表示方向 : towards, forward, outward - ward (s) 表示方向 : towards, forward, outward 数词 : 数词 : - teen 十 fourteen, eighteen - teen 十 fourteen, eighteen - ty 整十位数 forty,fifty - ty 整十位数 forty,fifty - th 序数词 fifth - th 序数词 fifth

41. 2. 合成词 (1) 合成名词 : ①名词 ( 代词 ) + 名词 spaceship ①名词 ( 代词 ) + 名词 spaceship ②名词 + 动名词 machine-building ( 机械制造 ) ②名词 + 动名词 machine-building ( 机械制造 ) ③名词 + 及物动词 +er(or) pain-killer ( 止痛药 ) ③名词 + 及物动词 +er(or) pain-killer ( 止痛药 ) ④形容词 + 名词 highway ④形容词 + 名词 highway ⑥及物动词 + 名词 breakfast ⑥及物动词 + 名词 breakfast ⑦ 动词 + 副词 turn-off ⑦ 动词 + 副词 turn-off

42. ⑵合成形容词 ①形容词 ( 数词 )+ 名词 + ed cold-blooded ②名词 + 名词 +ed potato-shaped 马铃薯形式的 ③名词 ( 代词 )+ 分词 hand-made ④名词 ( 代词 )+ 形容词 color-blind 色盲的 ⑤形容词 ( 数词 )+ 名词 / 分词 left-hand, good-looking ⑥副词 + 分词 / 形容词 hard-working,ever-green tree ⑦动词 + 副词 see-through ⑧ 介词 + 名词 downhill 下坡的

43. (3) 合成动词 ①副词 + 动词 ill-treat 虐待 ②名词 ( 代词 )+ 动词 mass-produce 大规模生产 ③形容词 + 动词 safe-guard 保卫

44. ⑷. 合成副词 ①副词 + 副词 however ②代词 + 副词 anywhere ③ 副词 + 名词 downstairs ④形容词 + 名词 anyway ( 无论如何 )

45. ⑸. 合成代词 some,any, no, 可以与 -thing, -one, -body 合成代词. some,any, no, 可以与 -thing, -one, -body 合成代词. 如 : anybody, something 如 : anybody, something

46. Practice (grammar) Practice (grammar) word formation word formation

47. 1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job. 1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job. A.care B.careful C.careless D.carelessness A.care B.careful C.careless D.carelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child,so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai. 2.The soldier died for saving the child,so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai. A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death 3.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a ________. 3.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a ________. A.chemistryB.chemical C.chemistD.physician A.chemistryB.chemical C.chemistD.physician

48. 4.The three- ________chair isn't suitable for a young child.He may fall off. 4.The three- ________chair isn't suitable for a young child.He may fall off. A.leggingB.leggedC.legsD.leged A.leggingB.leggedC.legsD.leged legged adj 有腿的 legged adj 有腿的 5.Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world. 5.Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world. A.leadB.leaderC.leadingD.leadership A.leadB.leaderC.leadingD.leadership 6.To everyone's ________,the girl finished the job quite well. 6.To everyone's ________,the girl finished the job quite well. A.satisfiedB.satisfactory(adj)C.satisfying D.satisfaction A.satisfiedB.satisfactory(adj)C.satisfying D.satisfaction

49. 7. － What are you doing here? 7. － What are you doing here? － Oh,my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English. － Oh,my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English. － You can write________passage in English? － You can write________passage in English? A.600 words ‘ s 600-words B.600-word;a 600-words C.600 words;a 600-word A.600 words ‘ s 600-words B.600-word;a 600-words C.600 words;a 600-word D.600 words;a 600-words D.600 words;a 600-words 8.No one should enter the spot without the________of the police. 8.No one should enter the spot without the________of the police. A.permit B.permission A.permit B.permission C.permittingD.permittence C.permittingD.permittence 9.You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you. 9.You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you. A.headquartersB.headlineC.headmaster D.headache A.headquartersB.headlineC.headmaster D.headache

50. 10.Letting that animal escape was no accident;you did it ________. 10.Letting that animal escape was no accident;you did it ________. A.intendB.intentionC.intentionally D.intentional A.intendB.intentionC.intentionally D.intentional 11.The________ordered him to pay a $100 fine. 11.The________ordered him to pay a $100 fine. A.judgerB.judgmentC.judge D.judgement A.judgerB.judgmentC.judge D.judgement 12.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War? 12.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War? A.latelyB.latestC.later D.latter. 后面的 A.latelyB.latestC.later D.latter. 后面的

51. 13.Canada is mainly an________country. 13.Canada is mainly an________country. A.English-speakingB.speak-English C.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken A.English-speakingB.speak-English C.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken 14.How________ he is! He is always acting________.He is really a ________. 14.How________ he is! He is always acting________.He is really a ________. A.foolish;foolishly;fool B.fool;foolish;fool A.foolish;foolishly;fool B.fool;foolish;fool C.foolish;fool;fool D.foolishly;foolish;fool C.foolish;fool;fool D.foolishly;foolish;fool 15.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.It's of great ________. 15.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.It's of great ________. A.valuableB.valueC.valueless D.unvaluable A.valuableB.valueC.valueless D.unvaluable

53. Do you know any famous scientists in the world? What do you know about the contributions to the world? Now look at the following pictures and see how much you know about them.

54. NewtonGalileo Edison Watt Curie Bell

55. Franklin Einstein NobelFlaming Hawking Joule

56. 杨振宁李政道 丁肇中 李远哲朱棣文崔 琦

57. 王 选袁隆平 钱学森 陈景润

58. Louis Pasteur 1822-1895 Germs John Snow 1813-1858 Spread of disease Florence Nightingale 1820-1910 Pie chart

59. Chemists Mendeleev 1834-1907 Periodic Table of elements Gay-Lussac 1778-1850 Gas Laws Watson Crick DNA

60. Beatrix Potter 1866-1943 Seeds of mushrooms Charles Darwin 1809-1882 Evolution Carl Linnaeus 1707-1778 Naming plants Biology

61. He is the man who first invented the bulb. Edison

62. Alexander Bell electricity Thomas Edison the First telephone Laite Brothers the electric Lamp Madame Curie black holes in Universe Franklin Theory of Gravity Steven Hawking the First Plane Elbert Einstein Radium Isaac Newton the Theory of Relativity

63. Do you know any history of some scientific inventions or achievements? Look at the following pictures and see how much you know about them.

64. "Who invented the computer?" is not a question with a simple answer. The real answer is that many inventors contributed to the history of computers and that a computer is a complex piece of machinery made up of many parts, each of which can be considered a separate invention. Do you know who invented the first computer in the world?

65. The first of the modern automobiles was designed by Karl Benz in 1885. America's first automobile was built by Charles and Frank Duryea, two bicycle makers. Emile Levassor and Rene Panhard (France) established the present design of cars - with the engine in front.

66. Discussion: 1.These are some great scientific achievements that have changed the world. Which one do you think is the most important ? Why ? 2.What are some other scientific achievements that you think are important? 3.Do these achievements have anything in common? If so, what?

67. Edison

71. Maglev Train

73. Issac Newton 1642-1727

75. Nuclear energy : Advantages : Can make all the electricity we nee; Not pollute the environment Disadvantages : Great danger in case of accident; very expensive to build; Unsafe to all life if not controlled

76. Clone : Advantages : can help some women have babies; can help medical research Disadvantages : not natural to make people dangerous; people use it to do strange things

77. computer : Advantages : Easier to keep and use information better Make communication faster Disadvantages : Unsafe because of viruses Difficult to control when sth. goes wrong

78. Space flights : Advantages : Makes research outer space possible Put communication satellites in space Disadvantages : Expensive and dangerous If sth. goes wrong it is difficult to help and rescue people

79. achievement Importance /Reasons electricity cars radio and television the internet cloning *without it,without modern industry *make transportation easy and convenient. *people can live far away from where they work *provide entertainment and education *let people know news and other information * Provides education and entertainment * easy way for people to communicate with each other. * Help us find cures for disease * may help save rare animals

80. solar energy aeroplanes The Theory of Gravity Nuclear science * clean and safe energy source, can help reduce pollution *may help build a cleaner and safer future * people can travel across the world *mail and goods can be sent across the world * helped people understand the world *helped advance science * can produce energy *can advance science

81. Do these achievements have anything in common ? If so, what ? They have a great effect on people’s life. They have a great effect on people’s life. They change the lifestyle and make the human society move on and become more comfortable. They change the lifestyle and make the human society move on and become more comfortable. They are all important and useful for the development of mankind and society. They are all important and useful for the development of mankind and society. They lead to new discoveries and advances in science They lead to new discoveries and advances in science

83. Wow! (Neil Armstrong was born on August 5,1930 in Wapakoneta, Ohio ) As Armstrong became the first person to touch the Moon's surface, he spoke the unforgettable phrase, "That's one small step for man; one giant leap for mankind".

84. Tomlinson, Ray (born 1941) : inventor of the first "killer app" Ray Tomlinson created one of the biggest communications phenomena almost by accident - e-mail.

85. 1.The first listening and try to get the main idea of the whole passage. a.The first astronaut to set foot on the moon. b.Some famous scientists’ great scientific achievements. c.Some famous first words said by some famous persons. 2. Which of the following is not right? a.All famous first words aren’t always beautiful or wise. b.The first e-mail message is “QWERTYUIOP”, sent by Ray Tomlinson, who wanted to tell his friend something important. c.It was Alexander Bell who made the first telephone.

86. Listen to part 1 and complete the chart below. WordsSpeakerAchievement That’s one small step for a man,one giant leap for mankind Neil Armstrong Mr Watson,__________; I want you. Alexander G Bell QWERTYUIOP Ray Tomlinson Set foot on the moon first Invented the telephone and made the first call Sent first e- mail message come here

87. Can you explain Tomlinson ’ s message? Can you explain Tomlinson ’ s message? ______________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ “QWERTYUIOP” are the first keys on a keyboard. When Tomlinson wanted to send a test message, he simply typed in the first letters on his keyboard.

88. 1.The words “________________________” are famous because they are the _______________ of The Constitution of the United States of America. 2.Eureka is a word from the ______ language and means _____________. 3.If you ask a father, he might say “ ___________”. If you ask a mother, she might say “__________”. We, the people first words Greek I have found it Daddy Mommy Part 2.

89. Listen to the 2 nd part and fill in the blanks 1. Words can also become famous because they are used in important ___________. 2. Other words have been made famous through stories about great ________…. Archimedes is said to ______ ________ an important law of physics when he was taking a ______. Watching the water of his bath on the floor, he said “Eureka”, _______ “I have found it.” 3. Of course, perhaps the most famous and important words in the world are the first words a _____ speaks. Proud parents often tell their friends about the important event, but mothers and fathers _______ agree on what the first word was. Depending on who you ask, that word is either … Well, can you guess? documents events have discovered bath meaning baby seldom

90. A Long March Rocket Listening P 81

91. 1. Yang Liwei’s mission lasted 21 hours. 2...thousands of people have worked together to make it possible. Yang Liwei’s mission was made possible by the team of scientists that have developed the Long March Rocket and the Shenzhou 5 Space Capsule.( 太空舱 ) 3. The reporters asked Yang Liwei about 4. He said he had not seen the Great Wall. Part 1 his family his background what he had seen his training

92. 1.He had to learn maths, learn about the earth, the weather, how to recognize stars, and how to develop both his mind and his body. He had to prove that he was strong, intelligence and determined to succeed. Part 2 2. He had difficulties with English. In order to improve his English, he asked his wife to help him and practise with him.

93. 3. One day when he was flying his plane, one of the engines stopped. He tried to stay calm and did his best to get back safely. He had almost reached the airport when suddenly the second engine stopped too. He didn ’ t panic and managed to land the plane anyway. 4. Brave, intelligence, calm, strong, heroic and determined

94. 2.So what did Yang Liwei have to do in order to become an astronaut? First, he ____________ in school, where he was especially good at _____. After graduating, Yang Liwei _________ to be a fighter pilot. In order to be successful, he had to ______ both his ____ and his ____. To become an astronaut, he had to prove that he was ______, _______ and ___________ to succeed. He also had to learn about the ____, the ______, how to _______________, how rockets work and how to __________________ in space. studied hard maths was trained develop mind body strong intelligent determined earth weather recognise stars find one’s way

95. Yang was always good at maths, but he had problems with _______. He knew that he must be good at ____________ if he wanted to be an astronaut, so he asked his wife to practice English with him. After much ___________, Yang succeeded and passes the _______________. Yang Liwei is a ____ man. People who have worked with him say he knows how to _______ _____. Once when Yang Liwei was flying a plane, one of the ______ stopped. Yang __________ and with great ____ managed to __________________. English all subjects hard work English test brave deal with danger engines stayed calm skill keep the plane in the air

96. Just as he reached the airport, the ______ ______ stopped, too. Still ____, he landed safely without ____. Even though Yang Liwei has returned from space, his mission continues. He will continue his work in the ______________ and will tell people about ______ and his ________. He wants to inspire young people to ______ their ______ and work hard to make them ____________. second engine calm power space programme space experience follow dreams come true

98. Speaking: Work in groups of five. Four group members represent scientists who want to get money to complete their projects. Each scientist will introduce his or her project and explain why it is the most important. One member will listen to all the scientists and ask questions. At the end of the discussion, he or she must decide who will get the money and why.

99. Dr Wilson: Because the number of people infected with AIDS is increasing at an astonishing speed. Some of them are facing death. Dr Jones: Because more and more people are expecting to get organ transplant( 器官 移植 ) in order to prolong( 延长） their lives.

100. Dr Smith: This is important because many people die for lack of food. Dr Winfrey: This is a very important project because we are eager to know if there are signs of life on Mars and if we can live there.

101. Expressing intentions and wishes: If I got the money, I would… I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to… My plan is to… I hope that… I’d like to… I’m thinking of….

102. Finish the dialogue: ( W: Dr. Wilson S: Mr. Smith) W: Hello, Mr. Smith, ____________________. S: What are you ________________? W: We are working on __________________. S: _____________________________? W: Yes, the research is extremely important. And _______________________________ ___________________________________. ___________________________________. S: That ’ s OK. （我们需要些钱来完成我们的项目；你们从事什 么项目；我们最近在从事艾滋病治疗方面的研 究；这很重要吗；我们打算建立一个高级的实 验中心。） We want some money to complete our project working on now a cure for AIDS Is it very important we are thinking of setting up an advanced experiment center

103. The First building of Silicon Valley in USA

104. Silicon Valley is an area that "located on the San Francisco, California, peninsula, radiates outward from Stanford University. It is contained by the San Francisco Bay on the east, the Santa Cruz Mountains on the west, and the Coast Range to the southeast. At the turn of the century, when fruit orchards predominated, the area was known as the Valley of Heart's Delight "

105. Among the different organizations that were instrumental in the process of creating Silicon Valley the significant role was the Stanford Research Institute (SRI): After World War II, a great industrial push was under way to reinvigorate the economy. Founded by a small group of business executives in conjunction with Stanford University, Stanford Research Institute (the founding name) was created in 1946 as a West Coast center of innovation to support economic development in the region. The world's first digital computer (ENIAC, weighing in at 30 tons) was introduced, and in what is now known as Silicon Valley a three-bedroom home sold for $10,000.

106. What do you know about Zhongguancun?

108. Zhongguancun—the Silicon Valley

109. The numerals 0 and 1 represent the idea that Zhongguancun will rely on computer technology to develop itself.

110. A statue of a DNA molecule. It is the symbol of the Zhongguancun Scientific and Technological Garden.

112. Chen Chunxian, father of China's Silicon Valley

113. Cultivating Chinese kale for bioengineering research. Bioengineering will become Zhongguancun's next important area of economic growth.

114. 1. If you wanted to do research or start a hi-tech company, what kind of support and environment would you need ?

115. 1.A proper site 2.Enough money 3.Support from family and friends 4.Modern equipment 5.Good working conditions where what one has learn can be fully used

116. 2. Why are scientific achievements important ?

117. Because they help people understand the world better, improve our life, help advance science, lead to new discoveries and achievements.

118. 3. Why do scientists spend so much time trying to achieve something ?

119. Because they are curious and enthusiastic about new things and new ideas; they want to understand the world better, contribute to society, and be rich and famous.

120. Zhongguancun 1.What kind of spirit has made Zhongguancun a success? 1.What kind of spirit has made Zhongguancun a success? It is the spirit of creativity and scientific skill that has made Zhongguancun a success.

121. 2.What are the two mottos mentioned in the text for the park? One is “ Relying on science, technology, and knowledge to increase economic power. ” The other is “ Encouraging pioneering work and accepting failure. ” One is “ Relying on science, technology, and knowledge to increase economic power. ” The other is “ Encouraging pioneering work and accepting failure. ”

122. Careful reading: Read the text carefully and fill in the form.

123. Zgc is located in Northwestern Beijing Northwestern Beijing What is it? China ’ s Silicon Valley In the early 1980s Chen Chunxian opened a private research and development institute Set up as a special economic zone Zgc is home to A growing number of overseas Chinese; A number of science parks; Many IT companies The number of IT companies in Zgc More that 8,000 hi-tech companies Its effect On business& science

124. Zhongguancun is located in Northwestern Beijing What is it? China ’ s Silicon Valley in the early 1980s Chen Chunxian opened a private research and development institute Set up as a special economic zone Leader of China ’ s hi-tech industry Zhongguancun is home to A growing number of overseas Chinese ； A number of science parks; Many IT companies Many IT companies The number of IT companies in Zgc More that 8,000 hi-tech companies companies Its effect On business & science Beijing’s Haidian Distric New center for Chinese science and technology The science center got started In the late 1990s Some famous research institutes and universities More than 4,000 IT companies positive

125. True or False Statements. 1.It is probable that in the future most of the great achievements which have in store for China will be born in Beijing’s Dongchen District. 2.Zhongguancun was set up as a special economic zone in the early 1990s and quickly became the leader of China’s economic industry. T F

126. 3.Not only is Zhongguancun home to the Chinese Academy of Science and more than ten famous universities but also home to a growing number of overseas Chinese who have grasped the opportunity to developed their ideas at home. 4.Xiang Yufang learnt that Zhongguancun is a perfect place for him to follow his dreams and help the country he loves. 5.After Xiang Yufang returned to China, he ran a small company by himself. 6.Zhongguancun not only has had a positive effect on science but also on business. T T F T

127. 7..More than half of the companies in Zhongguancun are IT companies including Lenovo and Founder. 8. According to the text, not all the companies have made much money. T T

128. 1. All the great achievements in the future will surely be born in Zhongguancun.. 2. Haidian District in Beijing is the centre for Chinese Academy of sciences and technology. 3. Zhongguancun is the leader of China’s hi-tech industry as Silicon Valley in the USA.

129. 4.Only those who studied abroad can find jobs in Zhongguancun. 4. China’s science and technology centre got started in the early 1980s and it became a special economic zone in the late 1990s.. 6. Most of the companies in Zhongguancun do business either on hi-tech or IT.

130. 8. More than half of the people working in Zhongguancun have high degrees. 7. Chen Chunxian was the first person who set up the science park of China.

131. 9. What has made Zhongguancun a success is the spirit of creativity and scientific skill.

132. Say True or False to the following sentences. 1.Zhongguancun is located in the southwest of Beijing. 2.Zhongguancun was set up in the nineteenth century. 3.Xiang Yufang didn’t want to return to China because he wanted to work with the top scientists in his field. 4.Later his friends persuaded him to come back. 5.Zhongguancun has a positive effect on business. F F F F T

133. True or false 1. Zhongguancun is the new center for Chinese science and education 2. Within the next ten years, more than a hundred scientific and hi-tech companies moved into Zhongguancun. 3. Xiang Yufang studied abroad because he felt comfortable abroad. 4. More than 8,000 hi-tech companies in Zhongguancun. More than half of them are IT companies. 5. Zhongguancun park is home to Lenovo and Founder and more than 20 famous national companies. 6. The researchers and scientists know that the spirit and creativity they represent are no more than money.

134. The general idea of each part: Part 1(Para1-2) Part 2(Para3-7) Part 3(Para8-9) The positive effect Zhongguancun has had on both business and science & the spirit of creativity of Zhonguancun. The introduction and the location of Zhongguancun. The reason why Zhongguancun attracts more and more overseas Chinese.

135. Post reading Choose the correct answers. There may be more than one correct answers. 1. According to the author, Zhongguancun is home to ______. A. some famous research institutes and universities B. many IT companies C. more and more returned overseas Chinese D. a number of science parks A, B, C

136. 2. What is not true about Zhongguancun? A. It is located in Haidian District, in northwestern Beijing. B. It was set up as a special economic zone in the 1990s. C. Most of its companies are doing IT business. D. It is not a good place for new companies. 3. According to the reading, Xiang Yufang returned to China and opened a company in Zhongguancun because______. A. he wanted to see more of the world. B. he enjoyed working with the best scientists in his field. C. he could enjoy his work and contribute to his country at the same time. D. he missed his friends and family. D C

137. 4. According to the graph in the passage, how many of the people who work in Zhongguancun have a master ’ s degree or above? A. 25,000 B. 30,000 C. 35,000 D. 180,000 5. How is “ failure ” understood in Zhongguancun? A. There are fewer failures in Zhongguancun. B. Many of its researchers and scientists will try hard not to fail. C. Failure is a necessary part of being successful. D. The best thing about failure is that you learn every time you fail. B C

138. 1.When and how did Zhongguancun get started? 2. What role does Zhongguancun play in China’s hi-tech industry? Zhongguancun was set up as a special economic zone in the late 1990s. Zhongguancun becomes the leader of China’s hi-tech industry.

139. 3.Why did Xiang Yufang return to China after studying and working abroad? 4.How does Zhongguancun affect business? He wanted to grasp the opportunity to develop his ideas at home.And because Zhongguancun made it possible to follow his dreams and help the country he loves. Zhongguancun has had a positive effect on business as well as science.

140. 5. How do you think about “ Relying on science, technology and knowledge to increase economic power” 6. What do you think of “ Encouraging pioneering work and accepting failure”? Science and business can and must work together to build the future. Great scientific achievements are the results of years of failure, years of trying to create something that has never existed before.

141. Scanning & Skimming Go over the text and find the answers to the following questions in 3 minutes. 1. Where is Zhongguancun located? 2. When did the science centre get started? When was it set up as a special economic zone? 3. Today, how many hi-tech companies are there in Zhongguancun?

142. Summary Listen to the tape and fill in the blanks with information from the text. Zhongguancun is the new centre for Chinese ___ and ___. It got started in the early 1980s and was set up as __ __ __ __ in the late 1990s. It soon became the leader of China’s ___ ___. The scientific and hi-tech companies in the area all have their own ___, but they share the spirit of ___ and ___ ___ that have made Zhongguancun a success.

143. Zhongguancun is also home to ___ ___ who have grasped the opportunity to ___ ___ ___ at home. Zhongguancun has ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ on business and science. Here are two mottos which can show the spirit there. One is “____ ___ science, technology and knowledge to increase ___ ___, the other is “Encouraging ___ ___ and accepting ____.

144. Key to Summary Zhongguancun is the new centre for Chinese _____ and _________. It got started in the early 1980s and was set up as ___ ______ ________ _____ in the late 1990s. It soon became the leader of China’s ______ _______. science technology aspecial economiczone hi-techindustry The scientific and hi-tech companies in the area all have their own __________, but they share the spirit of _______ and ______ ____ that have made Zhongguancun a success. characteristics creativityscientificskill Key

145. Zhongguancun is also home to _______ _______ who have grasped the opportunity to ________ _____ ____ at home. overseas Chinese develop theirideas Zhongguancun has ____ ___ ______ ______ ___ business and science. Here are two mottos which can show the spirit there. One is “______ _____ science, technology and knowledge to increase _______ ______, the other is “Encouraging ________ _______ and accepting _______. had positiveaeffecton Relying on economic power pioneering workfailure

147. What inventions do you know in China’s history? What inventions do you know in China’s history? Powder compass making paper printing

148. Scanning 1.What fields that China has made great achievement are mentioned in the passage ? 2. What plan did the Chinese government put forward in 1995? 3. What does CSA stand for? Exploring space, solving the mysteries of life, e-volution, fighting cancer. A plan for “rejuvenating the nation by relying on science and education” The Chinese Space Agency.

149. FieldAchievementImportance Exploring space Solving the mysteries of life E-volution Fighting cancer Develop the highly successful Long March rocket series. The rockets have been used to send satellites and to prepare for the nation’s first manned space fight. 1. A new kind rice ; 2. In 2000, Chinese scientists have completed their part of the international human genome project. 1.The new kind rice allows 2.farmers to increase production. 3.It proves that Chinese scientists are among the world’s best. Developed the supercomputer Shenwei, one of the world’s fastest computers and built the nation’s first humanoid robot Create a chemical element that can fight cancer cells. give hope to cancer patients make China one of the world leaders in the battle against the deadly disease.

150. Fast reading 1.What plan has helped Chinese scientists make many breakthroughs? 2.Which scientific fields are mentioned in the text ? 1.What plan has helped Chinese scientists make many breakthroughs? 2.Which scientific fields are mentioned in the text ?

151. fields fieldsAchievementsImportance Exploring Space The CSA has developed Long March rocket series It prepares for the nation’s first manned space flight Genetic Research Chinese scientists have completed mapping out their part of the international human genetic project. Chinese scientists prove to be the best in the world

152. fields fieldsAchievementsImportance Computer Engineer- ing Chinese computer engineers have developed the space computer Shenwei The nation’s first humanoid robot has been built. Medical Science Scientists create a chemical element to fight cancer cells It makes the cure of deadly disease possible

153. Thank you!