1. Green Building Certification Options for Certification Reasons for Certification November, 2012 Mark Shaurette

2. Sustainability Sustainable Building Certification 2 What does it mean to be sustainable or “green”? Not a totally new concept 400 BC, Aristotle referred to similar concept in household economics Forestry concerns have long practiced “forest management” for “sustainable yields”

3. Sustainability – Common Concepts Sustainable Building Certification 3 Brundtland Commission of the UN on March 1987: “sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Triple Bottom Line Environment – Social Equity – Economy (the 3 Es) Planet – People – Profit (the 3 Ps)

4. History – Application to Buildings 4 In the 1970 - 80s society was expressing greater concern for sustainable development Producers & consumers of the built environment asked: How to identify legitimate, green initiatives & businesses How to avoid “Greenwashing” What are sound sustainable goals Confusion called for definitions & ratings Sustainable Building Certification

5. History – Application to Buildings 5 U.S. Green Building Council established 1993 60 firms, a few nonprofits in coordination with AIA Worked to form coalition of the building industry for green building rating Advocacy & education resulted in the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating Now 21 rating systems

6. Prominent Program Types Today Sustainable Building Certification 6 Governmental or Community Level Sustainable Jersey – 125 certified NJ communities More than just building certification Broad Based Sustainable Development Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) 9 Billion sq ft of certified space since 2000 BRE Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) European program introduced in the UK in 1990 Green Globes – online assessment tool Introduced in Canada in 2000 Residential Sustainable Development LEED for Homes Energy Star – energy certification only National Green Building Standard

7. Common Program Attributes 7 Metrics for Measurement of: Sustainable Site Development Water Efficiency Energy Conservation Reduce Impact on the Atmosphere Efficient Use of Materials & Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Impact of Location & Linkages to Community Advancing Awareness & Education Promoting Regional Priorities & Innovation

8. Benefits of Certification Sustainable Building Certification 8 Increased comfort Improved indoor air quality Numerous environmental benefits Lower utility bills Personal satisfaction Increased value Not quantifiable yet, but significant anecdotal evidence Reduced maintenance Good for marketing message

9. Limitations of Certification Sustainable Building Certification 9 Certification often chosen for the wrong reasons Public relations or marketing alone – sustainability goals unclear or not important Certification by checking the boxes Get the points even if it doesn’t make sense Bicycle racks and showers in the exurbs with no bike lanes Choosing low hanging fruit vs. project goals No attempt to introduce innovation Conflicting priorities High performance foam insulations vs. environmental impacts of these products

10. Limitations of Certification 10 most popular LEED options – Selection based on ease vs. impact 10 LEED creditUsageDescription from LEED user guide Hire LEED accredited professional99.7%"you can easily earn this point." Use low-emitting paints and coatings93.3%"an easy, no-cost credit." Boost energy performance 10.5%92.2%"the most important credit in LEED" Use low-emitting adhesives & sealants91.5%"it shouldn't cost anything to earn this credit" Use recycled materials in construction90.9%"easy to achieve" Reduce water use by 20%90.6%"it's very doable" Use low-emitting carpet89.7% "a pretty easy credit, minimal additional cost" Divert half of construction waste from landfill 89.6% "the ease or difficulty of this credit depends on project-specific and regional conditions" Boost energy performance 14%89%"the most important credit in LEED" Water-efficient landscaping86.9%"can be either simple or complex" Based on an examination of 7,100 LEED buildings THE PATH TOWARD GOING GREEN USA Today, October 24, 2012

11. Limitations of Certification 10 least popular LEED options – Hard, costly or only works on some projects 11 LEED creditUsageDescription from LEED user guide 10% of materials such as beams and doors are reused or salvaged 4.7%"only works for the right kind of project" Reuse existing building elements5.6%"can be labor-intensive" Use on-site renewable energy6.6%"technologies aren't cheap" Use rapidly renewable materials7.2%"can be very easy to achieve" 5% of materials such as beams and doors are reused or salvaged 7.3%"only works for the right kind of project" Reuse 95% of a building exterior8%"intensive calculations" Use on-site renewable energy9.9%"technologies aren't cheap" Boost energy performance 42%9.9%"the most important credit in LEED" Reduce use of potable water in wastewater 12.5% "can require waterless urinals or on-site waste treatment" Reuse 75% of a building exterior13.2%"intensive calculations" Based on an examination of 7,100 LEED buildings THE PATH TOWARD GOING GREEN USA Today, October 24, 2012

12. Limitations of Certification 12 Certification does not guarantee performance Measured vs. Proposed LEED Savings Percentages Energy Performance of LEED for New Construction 2008 New Buildings Institute Report

13. Why Certify? Is Self-rating an Option? Sustainable Building Certification 13 Self-rating No limit to options Technological advancements provide variety The right thing to do It’s not cost prohibitive (just more costly) Large and small green measures available Biggest benefits with an integrated approach Certification Proof of “Success” Teaching & learning opportunities Good for Purdue “Branding”

14. Options for Ross Reserve Project Sustainable Building Certification 14 LEED for Homes About 15,000 certified homes ENERGY STAR homes More than 130,000 new homes earned the ENERGY STAR in 2011 alone National Green Building Standard About 4,000 certified since 2009 Living Building Challenge

15. Growth of Residential Certification 15 Green homebuilding up during economic downturn ENERGY STAR homes accounted for 26% of new construction in 2011

16. ENERGY STAR® Home Program Energy Certification Only 16 Environmental Protection Agency started in 1995 Goal Homes 30% more efficient than 1992 Model Energy Code Updated to new codes in 2006 and 2012 Two certification paths Prescriptive path Predefined improvements based on climate zone Performance path Uses home energy modeling

17. ENERGY STAR® Home Program Energy Certification Only 17 Based on Home Energy Rating System (HERS) On-site inspection by a home energy rater Certified by Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET) Builder may submit plans to a home energy rater before construction for a review Computer simulation estimates annual energy use The rater can make recommendations to the builder for changes necessary to meet program requirements ENERGY STAR® plaque awarded ENERGY STAR® mortgage available

18. National Green Building Standards Sustainable Building Certification 18 Builder can use green online tool to score projects

19. Strategically Promotes Innovation National Green Building Standards 19 Innovation using common residential building systems Customization avoided Residential trades used Typical construction sequence Materials from standard supply channels Best Practice guides Prescriptive & Performance options available Cost are kept under control Optimal Value Engineering (OVE) Framing

20. LEED for Homes Sustainable Building Certification 20 Can be used to rate: Single-family homes Low-rise multifamily homes Manufactured or modular housing Existing homes Green Rater conducts field inspections & testing Minimum of two site visits Some energy performance testing required Green Rater verifies credits earned Mostly prescriptive choices

21. Green Building Std. vs. LEED for Homes Sustainable Building Certification 21 Six major point divisions very similar LEED adds education and a bonus innovation division Green Std. bonus resource points for 3 BR homes less than 2500 sf and neutral up to 4000 sf LEED neutral 3 BR home size is 1900 sf Both have prerequisites (between 18 and 21)

22. Green Building Std. vs. LEED for Homes Sustainable Building Certification 22 Both require verification LEED uses HERS rating, inspection & testing Green Std. uses NAHB Research Center inspection & testing LEED flexibility more limited Green Std. has both prescriptive and performance options LEED compliance cost higher (1-2% vs. 3-4%) Certification Fees (2009 data) LEED for Homes $1,050 - $2,350 Nat. Green Building Std. $650 - $1,250

23. On The Horizon Sustainable Building Certification 23 DOE Challenge Home (energy only) A step beyond Energy Star (Energy Star Home replacement?) Introduced July 2012 Goal “Net-Zero Ready” HERS Target Index of 55 (45% better than code) Target excludes any credit for on-site power generation Prescriptive and Performance Options 2,200 sf 3 BR benchmark home

24. Source Material Sustainable Building Certification 24 J. H. Reposa Jr. Ph.D., LEED™-AP, CGP (2009). Comparison of USGBC LEED for Homes and the NAHB National Green Building Program, International Journal of Construction Education and Research, 5:2, 108-120 THE PATH TOWARD GOING GREEN, USA Today, October 24, 2012 http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2012/10/24/table- most-popular-options-going-green-leed/1652869/ http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2012/10/24/table- most-popular-options-going-green-leed/1652869/ C. Turner, & M. Frankel (2008). Energy Performance of LEED® for New Construction Buildings. New Buildings Institute. http://www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=3930 http://www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=3930 U.S. Energy Information Administration