1. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Session 11 Tankers Introduction Oil tankers Chemical tankers Gas carriers

2. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Session 11 Chemical tankers As for oil tanker, normally smaller vessels. Design arrangements influenced by IBC Code and damage stability requirements. Cargo heating such as on asphalt carriers brings problems of thermal expansion and can create problems in the cargo holds.

3. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Session 11 Chemical Tankers Cargo transported: Easy Chemicals such as: Acetone, Xylene Methanol, Vegetable oils Edible Liquids Relevant Rules: SOLAS 74 MARPOL Annex II Tanker FLS

4. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Session 11 Chemical Tankers Cargo transported: Chemicals: Acids, alcohols, Carbon Disulfide, etc Relevant Rules: SOLAS 74, as amended IBC Code, MARPOL Annex II

5. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Session 11 Chemical Tankers 3 CATEGORIES OF NLS (Revised MARPOL Annex II) X Major Hazard Y Hazard Z Minor Hazard OS Other substances Present no harm IBC Ch.17, types 1,2 & 3 Prohibition of discharge Limitation on quality & quantity of discharge Less stringent restriction on discharge Not subject to requirements of Annex II IBC Ch.17 or 18

6. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Session 11 Chemical Tankers Hazards of chemicals FLAMMABILITY TOXICITY HEALTH CORROSIVITY

7. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Session 11 Chemical Tankers Hazards of chemicals (2) REACTIVITY With other products With water With themselves With oxygen

8. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Session 11 Chemical Tankers Hazards of chemicals (3) POLLUTION Water pollution Air pollution Marine pollution Categorization

9. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Session 11 Chemical Tankers CARRIAGE OF DANGEROUS CHEMICALS IN BULK BCH CODE (1971) IBC CODE (1983)

10. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Session 11 Chemical Tankers SHIP SURVIVAL CAPABILITY Type 1 Ship: maximum preventive measures Type 2 Ship: significant preventive measures Type 3 Ship: moderate preventive measures

11. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Session 11 Chemical Tankers Cargo Tanks location TYPE 1TYPE 2 Available space for cargo tanks 760mm > B/15 OR 6 M > B/5 OR 11.5 M Available space for cargo tanks S.L.L. 760mm Available space for cargo tanks S.L.L. TYPE 3

12. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Session 11 Chemical Tankers STANDARD OF DAMAGE Type 1 Type 2, L>150mDamage anywhere Type 3, L>225m

13. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Session 11 Chemical Tankers STANDARD OF DAMAGE (1) Type 2, L<=150m Type 3, L > 125m As per type 1, but no damages to E.R bulkheads

14. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Session 11 Chemical Tankers STANDARD OF DAMAGE (2) Type 3, L<= 125m: As per Type 1, but no damages in E.R

15. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Session 11 Chemical Tankers CARGO TRANSFER DEEPWELL CARGO PUMP (Source: FRAMO)

16. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Session 11 Chemical Tankers INERTING - REPLACES AIR IN THE CARGO TANK BEFORE LOADING THE CARGO. INERTING MAY BE CARRIED OUT USING:  BY INERT GAS FROM THE COMBUSTION OF FUEL  BY NITROGEN USUALLY COMBUSTION GASES, DUE TO HIGH IMPURITY CONTENT, ARE ONLY USED FOR GAS FREEING PRIOR TO INERTING WITH NITROGEN. INSTALLATIONS ARE AS PER OIL TANKERS INSTALLATIONS, EXCEPT THAT THERE IS DECK WATER SEAL AND THE SYSTEM IS PROVIDED WITH DRYING TOWERS. INERTING AND PADDING SYSTEMS

17. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Session 11 Chemical Tankers INERTING AND PADDING SYSTEMS PADDING - REPLACES CARGO VAPOUR TO AVOID CHEMICAL REACTION WITH AIR. NITROGEN FOR PADDING OR INERTING IS OBTAINED FROM HIGH PRESSURE NITROGEN BOTTLES OR FROM A NITROGEN GENERATION PLANT. NITROGEN FROM HIGH PRESSURE BOTTLES IS SENT TO THE CARGO TANK FOR PADDING AT 0.1 BAR, TO THE BALLAST TANK FOR INERTING AT 0.07 BAR AND TO THE BALLAST TANK FOR INERTING AT 0.07 BAR AND TO THE CARGO PIPING AT 7 BAR. ON NEWER SHIPS, MEMBRANE SYSTEMS DRIVEN BY AIR COOLED COMPRESSORS ARE USED.

18. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Session 11 Chemical Tankers Combustion air fan IG Generator Pressure/Vacuum Breaker Oil Fuel Pum p Deck water seal INERT GAS SYSTEM (Source: SMIT OVENS)

19. Ship-Type Operations UNITAS Session 11 Chemical Tankers