1. PROCESS SELECTION
Chapter 4

2. Outline Process Selection Service Process Design Choice of Technology
Process-Flow Analysis

3. Process Selection Product-Flow Characteristics
Classification by Type of Customer Order
Process Selection Decisions
Product-Process Strategy
Mass-customization
Cross Functional Decision Making

4. Product-Flow Characteristics
Types of Product Flow
Line Flow
Batch Flow
Project Flow
Characteristics of Flows (see Table 4.1)

5. Line Flow
WS 1
WS 2
WS 3 WS
Task or work station
Product flow

6. Batch Flow WS 2 WS 4 WS 3 WS 1 WS 5 WS Product flows
Task or work station

7. Project Flow 2 4 Start End 1 3 Task Task or activity
Precedence relationship

8. Classification by Type of Customer Order
Make to Stock (MTS)
Make to Order (MTO)

9. Make to Stock (MTS) Advantages Disadvantage Key performance measures
Information flow (see Figure 4.4)

10. Make to Order (MTO) Advantages Disadvantage Key performance measures
Information flow (see Figure 4.4)

11. MTS and MTO Comparison

12. Information-flow Comparison Make-to-Stock (Figure 4-4)

13. Information-flow Comparison Make-to-Order (Figure 4-4)

14. Process Selection Decisions
Process characteristics matrix
Factors affecting process choice

15. Process Characteristics Matrix (Table 4.3)

16. Factors Affecting Process Choice
Market conditions and competition
Capital requirements
Labor supply and cost
Management skills
Materials supply and cost
State of technology

17. Product-Process Strategy
Product-Process Matrix (see Figure 4-5)
Product Life Cycle (PLC) stages
Process Life Cycle stages
Modified Product-Process Matrix (see Figure 4-6)
Cross functional decision making and product-process strategy

18. Product Life Cycle Stages
Low volume-low standardization, one of a kind
Multiple products, low volume
Few major products, higher volume
High volume-high standardization, commodity product

19. Process Life Cycle Stages
Jumbled flow (job shop)
Disconnected line flow (batch)
Connected line flow (assembly line)
Continuous flow

20. PRODUCT-PROCESS MATRIX (Figure 4.5)
PRODUCT STRUCTURE (Product Life Cycle) I
Low volume-low
standardization, one
of a kind II
Multiple products,
low volume
III
Few major products
higher volume
III
High volume-high
standardization,
commodity products I
Jumbled flow
(job shop) II
Disconnected
line flow
(batch)
III
Connected
(assembly
line) IV
Continuous
flow
NONE
Commercial
Printer
Heavy
Equipment
Automobile
assembly
PROCESS STRUCTURE (Process Life Cycle)
NONE
Sugar
Refinery

21. MODIFIED PRODUCT-PROCESS MATRIX (Figure 4.6)
PRODUCT STRUCTURE (Product Life Cycle) I
Low volume-low
standardization, one of
a kind II
Multiple products,
low volume
III
Few major products
higher volume
III
High volume-high
standardization,
commodity products I
Jumbled flow
(job shop)
NONE
Commercial
printer II
Disconnected
line flow
(batch)
Heavy
Equipment
III
Connected
line flow
(assembly
line)
Automobile
assembly
NONE
PROCESS STRUCTURE (Process Life Cycle) IV
Continuous
flow
Sugar
Refinery

22. Mass Customization Definition Economies of scale Economies of scope
Mass customization of service
Modular production
Postponement